Physiology of the female reproductive system

Question 1

How long is the average menstrual cycle?

Answer 1

28 days

Question 2

What is the normal range of the average menstrual cycle?

Answer 2

21-35 days

Question 3

The first day of menses is considered the first day of the menstrual cycle. T/F

Answer 3

T

Question 4

Which cells produce estradiol?

Answer 4

Granulosa cells

Question 5

Which cells produce progesterone?

Answer 5

Theca cells and granulosa cells

Question 6

When does the development of the primordial follicle begin?

Answer 6

10 weeks age of gestation

Question 7

The growth of the primoridial follicle is (depend/independent) on LH and FSH.

Answer 7

Independent

Question 8

Antral follicles are (dependent/independent) on LH and FSH for growth.

Answer 8

Dependent

Question 9

Antral follicles secrete what during the time of preparation for ovulation?

Answer 9

Androstenedione and testosterone

Question 10

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 10

Follicular phase, ovulatory phase, luteal phase

Question 11

What phase is days 1-13 of the menstrual cycle (in a 28 day cycle)?

Answer 11

Follicular phase

Question 12

What phase is days 14-17 of a 28-day menstrual cycle?

Answer 12

Ovulatory phase

Question 13

What phase is days 15-28 of a 28 day menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

Luteal phase

Question 14

Which phase of the menatrual cycle is relatively constant?

Answer 14

Luteal phase

Question 15

FSH rises gradually during which menstrual phase?

Answer 15

Follicular phase

Question 16

The rising amount of FSH in the follicular phase ( increases/decreases) the sensitivity of granulosa cells for FSH.

Answer 16

Increases

Question 17

The rising amount of FSH (increases/decreases) the granulos cells’ secretion of estrogen.

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

FSH (increases/decreases) LH receptors in granulosa and theca cells.

Answer 18

Increases

Question 19

During the follicular stage of menstrual cycle, the LH level ( declines/rises).

Answer 19

Rises

Question 20

Androgens (androstenedione) are transported to the granulosa cells and then are converted to which hormone by granulosa aromatase?

Answer 20

Estradiol

Question 21

Inhibitin B (stimulates/inhibit)s androgen synthesis.

Answer 21

Stimulates

Question 22

Inhibitin B (stimulates/inhibits) FSH secretion.

Answer 22

Inhibits

Question 23

As the follicular phase progresses, FSH levels decline why?

Answer 23

Due to negative feedback by estrogen to hypothalamus and inhibitin B inhibition of FSH secretioin

Question 24

FSH stimulates (estrogen/progesterone) secretion.

Answer 24

Estrogen

Question 25

LH stimulates (estrogen/progesterone) secretion.

Answer 25

Progesterone

Question 26

What is the correct sequence of events in luteal phase ``` Estrogen and progesterone levels fall LH and FSH fall, LH surge, corpus luteum dies, corpus luteum secrete large amount of progesterone, ```

Answer 26

1) LH surge, 2) Corpus Luteum secrete large amount of progesterone, 3) LH and FSH fall, 4) Corpus luteum dies, 5) Estrogen and progesterone levels fall

Question 27

Mammary gland secretory alveoli appear when a. Pregnancy occurs b. Puberty c. Baby sucks on the nippleb.

Answer 27

A

Question 28

A male cannot breastfeed because of a. No secretory alveoli b. No nipples c. No Lactotropes

Answer 28

A

Question 29

What type of gland is the mammary gland? a. Simple tubular b. Compound tubular c. Tubular-acinar d. Simple coiled

Answer 29

C

Question 30

A polar body forms a. Before fertilization b. After fertilization c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

Answer 30

C

Question 31

The antrum is a characteristic of: a. Secondary Follicle b. Graafian Follicle c. Primary Follicle d. AOTA e. A and B only

Answer 31

E

Question 32

During Ovulation, all of the following events occur except: a. Estrogen production is at its lowest b. LH surge c. FSH peak d. NOTA

Answer 32

A

Question 33

What area in the female experiences the greatest change in the menstrual cycle? a. Endometrium b. Ovary c. Vagina d. Cervix

Answer 33

A

Question 34

Within the ovary, primordial follicles begin their development a. During prenatal period b. At birth c. At puberty d. During pregnancy

Answer 34

A

Question 35

Which phase of the menstrual cycle has tubular endometrial glands a. Follicular b. Menstrual c. Luteal

Answer 35

A

Question 36

Increased thickness of the endometrium during the follicular phase is due to: a. Cellular proliferation b. Blood clot c. Placenta development d. Fertilization

Answer 36

A

Question 37

Which of the following is a characteristic of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle? A. It depends on estrogen secretion by the developing ovarian follicles. B. It coincides with the development of the corpus luteum. C. There is a rapid drop of estrogen and progesterone levels. D. It produces ischemia and necrosis of the stratum functionale.

Answer 37

B

Question 38

``` Effect/s of estrogen A. Increased LDL B. Increased osteoblast apoptosis C. Increased intestinal calcium ion absorption D. AOTA ```

Answer 38

C

Question 39

Effect/s of progesterone A. Depression B. Increased respiratory rate C. Breast development D. AOTA

Answer 39

D

Question 40

``` Prior to ovulation, which of the following substances peak? A. Estradiol B. LH C. FSH D. AOTA ```

Answer 40

D

Question 41

Menstruation occurs because of: A. Increasing levels of FSH and LH B. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone are low C. Corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone D. non responsiveness of spiral arteries to hormonal change

Answer 41

B

Question 42

Hormonal profile of postmenopausal women A. Increase estradiol, increase FSH, increase LH B. Decrease estradiol, increase FSH, increase LH C. Normal estradiol, decrease FSH, decrease LH D. Normal estrogen, decrease FSH, increase LH

Answer 42

B

Question 43

Changes in luteal phase A. Increase glycogen deposition in endometrium B. Increase in basal body temperature C. Increase progesterone level D. AOTA

Answer 43

A

Question 44

Which hormone rises due to ovulation? A. LH B. Progesterone C. Estrogen D. AOTA

Answer 44

A

Question 45

Effects of estrogen increase A. increase LDL, decrease HDL B. increase bone mass at puberty C. Development of female internal and external genitalia in utero D. AOTA

Answer 45

B