Physiology of the female reproductive system Flashcards
How long is the average menstrual cycle?
28 days
What is the normal range of the average menstrual cycle?
21-35 days
The first day of menses is considered the first day of the menstrual cycle. T/F
T
Which cells produce estradiol?
Granulosa cells
Which cells produce progesterone?
Theca cells and granulosa cells
When does the development of the primordial follicle begin?
10 weeks age of gestation
The growth of the primoridial follicle is (depend/independent) on LH and FSH.
Independent
Antral follicles are (dependent/independent) on LH and FSH for growth.
Dependent
Antral follicles secrete what during the time of preparation for ovulation?
Androstenedione and testosterone
What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?
Follicular phase, ovulatory phase, luteal phase
What phase is days 1-13 of the menstrual cycle (in a 28 day cycle)?
Follicular phase
What phase is days 14-17 of a 28-day menstrual cycle?
Ovulatory phase
What phase is days 15-28 of a 28 day menstrual cycle?
Luteal phase
Which phase of the menatrual cycle is relatively constant?
Luteal phase
FSH rises gradually during which menstrual phase?
Follicular phase
The rising amount of FSH in the follicular phase ( increases/decreases) the sensitivity of granulosa cells for FSH.
Increases
The rising amount of FSH (increases/decreases) the granulos cells’ secretion of estrogen.
Increases
FSH (increases/decreases) LH receptors in granulosa and theca cells.
Increases
During the follicular stage of menstrual cycle, the LH level ( declines/rises).
Rises
Androgens (androstenedione) are transported to the granulosa cells and then are converted to which hormone by granulosa aromatase?
Estradiol
Inhibitin B (stimulates/inhibit)s androgen synthesis.
Stimulates
Inhibitin B (stimulates/inhibits) FSH secretion.
Inhibits
As the follicular phase progresses, FSH levels decline why?
Due to negative feedback by estrogen to hypothalamus and inhibitin B inhibition of FSH secretioin
FSH stimulates (estrogen/progesterone) secretion.
Estrogen
LH stimulates (estrogen/progesterone) secretion.
Progesterone
What is the correct sequence of events in luteal phase
Estrogen and progesterone levels fall LH and FSH fall, LH surge, corpus luteum dies, corpus luteum secrete large amount of progesterone,
1) LH surge,
2) Corpus Luteum secrete large amount of progesterone,
3) LH and FSH fall,
4) Corpus luteum dies,
5) Estrogen and progesterone levels fall
Mammary gland secretory alveoli appear when
a. Pregnancy occurs
b. Puberty
c. Baby sucks on the nippleb.
A
A male cannot breastfeed because of
a. No secretory alveoli
b. No nipples
c. No Lactotropes
A
What type of gland is the mammary gland?
a. Simple tubular
b. Compound tubular
c. Tubular-acinar
d. Simple coiled
C
A polar body forms
a. Before fertilization
b. After fertilization
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
C
The antrum is a characteristic of:
a. Secondary Follicle
b. Graafian Follicle
c. Primary Follicle
d. AOTA
e. A and B only
E
During Ovulation, all of the following events occur except:
a. Estrogen production is at its lowest
b. LH surge
c. FSH peak
d. NOTA
A
What area in the female experiences the greatest change in the menstrual cycle?
a. Endometrium
b. Ovary
c. Vagina
d. Cervix
A
Within the ovary, primordial follicles begin their development
a. During prenatal period
b. At birth
c. At puberty
d. During pregnancy
A
Which phase of the menstrual cycle has tubular endometrial glands
a. Follicular
b. Menstrual
c. Luteal
A
Increased thickness of the endometrium during the follicular phase is due to:
a. Cellular proliferation
b. Blood clot
c. Placenta development
d. Fertilization
A
Which of the following is a characteristic of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
A. It depends on estrogen secretion by the developing ovarian follicles.
B. It coincides with the development of the corpus luteum.
C. There is a rapid drop of estrogen and progesterone levels.
D. It produces ischemia and necrosis of the stratum functionale.
B
Effect/s of estrogen A. Increased LDL B. Increased osteoblast apoptosis C. Increased intestinal calcium ion absorption D. AOTA
C
Effect/s of progesterone
A. Depression
B. Increased respiratory rate
C. Breast development
D. AOTA
D
Prior to ovulation, which of the following substances peak? A. Estradiol B. LH C. FSH D. AOTA
D
Menstruation occurs because of:
A. Increasing levels of FSH and LH
B. Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone are low
C. Corpus luteum continues to produce progesterone
D. non responsiveness of spiral arteries to hormonal change
B
Hormonal profile of postmenopausal women
A. Increase estradiol, increase FSH, increase LH
B. Decrease estradiol, increase FSH, increase LH
C. Normal estradiol, decrease FSH, decrease LH
D. Normal estrogen, decrease FSH, increase LH
B
Changes in luteal phase
A. Increase glycogen deposition in endometrium
B. Increase in basal body temperature
C. Increase progesterone level
D. AOTA
A
Which hormone rises due to ovulation?
A. LH
B. Progesterone
C. Estrogen
D. AOTA
A
Effects of estrogen increase
A. increase LDL, decrease HDL
B. increase bone mass at puberty
C. Development of female internal and external genitalia in utero
D. AOTA
B
