Histology of the female reproductive organs

Question 1

What are the two distinct histologic regions of the ovary?

Answer 1

Cortex and medulla

Question 2

In which of the two distinct histologic regions of the ovary are the ovarian follicles located?

Answer 2

Cortex

Question 3

In which of the two distinct histologic regions of the ovary are blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves located?

Answer 3

Medulla

Question 4

The tunica albuginea lies between which layers?

Answer 4

Germinal epithelium and cirtex of the ovary

Question 5

What are the three basic histological types of ovarian follicles?

Answer 5

Primordial follicles, growing follicles, mature/Graafian follicles

Question 6

When does the primordial follicle first appear in the ovaries?

Answer 6

Third month of fetal development

Question 7

Early growth of the primordial follicle is (dependent/independent) of gonadrotropin stimulation.

Answer 7

Independent

Question 8

What is an ooplasm?

Answer 8

The cytoplasm of an oocyte

Question 9

Which is the first stage in the development of a growing follicle: primary oocyte or primordial oocyte?

Answer 9

Primary oocyte

Question 10

What type of cells surround the primordial oocyte?

Answer 10

A single layer of squamous follicle cells

Question 11

The outer surface of the follicle cells is surrounded by a basal lamina. T/F

Answer 11

T

Question 12

What type of cells surround the primary oocyte?

Answer 12

A single layer of cuboidal follicular cells

Question 13

The primary oocyte secretes specific proteins that are assembled into an extracellular coat called what?

Answer 13

Zona pellucida

Question 14

The zona pellucida is between which layers of cells?

Answer 14

Between the primary oocyte and follicular cells

Question 15

Where does the granulosa layer of the primary follicle come from?

Answer 15

Mitosis of follicular cells

Question 16

Which type of cell junctions develop between granular cells of the orimary follicle?

Answer 16

Gap junctions

Question 17

Which cells surround the follicle to form a sheath of connective tissue cells called theca folliculi?

Answer 17

Stromal cells

Question 18

The theca folliculi is external the basal lamina of follicle cells. T/F

Answer 18

T

Question 19

Theca folliculi differentiates into which two layers?

Answer 19

Theca interna and theca externa

Question 20

Which layer of the theca folliculi is highly vascularized?

Answer 20

Theca interna

Question 21

Which layer of the theca folliculi consists mainly of smooth muscle cells and bundles if collagen fibers?

Answer 21

Theca externa

Question 22

Which layer of the theca folliculi consists of secretory cuboidal cells?

Answer 22

Theca interna

Question 23

The granulosa layer is (vascukar/avascular) during follicular growth.

Answer 23

Avascular

Question 24

The stratum granulosum reaches the size of how thick before fluid-filled cavities appear?

Answer 24

6 to 12 cell layers

Question 25

The secondary follicle is characterized by which structure?

Answer 25

Antrum, a fluid-filled cresent shaped cavity

Question 26

What is the thickened mound of granulosa cells projecting into the antrum?

Answer 26

Cumulus oophorus

Question 27

The cells of the cumulus oophorus that immediately surround the oocyte and remain with it is called what?

Answer 27

Corona radiata

Question 28

Which type follicle contains the secondary oocyte?

Answer 28

Mature follicle or Graafian follicle

Question 29

In the mature follicle, which is thicker: antrum or stratum granulosum?

Answer 29

Antrum

Question 30

What is ovulation?

Answer 30

A hormone mediated process resulting in the release of the secondary oocyte from the Graafian follicle.

Question 31

The corpus luteum comes from what structure?

Answer 31

The follicular wall - remaining granulosa and thecal cells

Question 32

What are the three layers of the uterine tubes?

Answer 32

Serosa, muscularis, mucosa

Question 33

The wall of the uterine tubes resemble the wall of other hollow viscera except for the absence of which layer?

Answer 33

Submucosa

Question 34

What is the type of cells that line the mucosa of the uterine tubes?

Answer 34

Simple columnar epithelium - ciliated and non-cilliated

Question 35

Ciliated columnar epitheliuum is more numerous in which part of the uterine tubes?

Answer 35

Infundibulum and ampulla

Question 36

The wave of the cilia of the mucosal cells in the infundibuluma and ampulla is towarxs which direction?

Answer 36

Towards the uterus

Question 37

What is the function of noncilliated peg cells of the mucosal lining of the uterine tubes?

Answer 37

Secretion of fluid that provides nutritive material for the ovum

Question 38

Epithelial cells of the uterine tubes hypertrophy during (follicular phase/luteal phase).

Answer 38

Follicular phase

Question 39

Epithelial cells of the uterine tubes (hypertrophy/atrophy) during the luteal phase.

Answer 39

Atrophy

Question 40

Which layer/s of the uterus undergo changes in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 40

Myometrium and endometrium

Question 41

Which is the thickest layer of the uterus?

Answer 41

Myometrium

Question 42

What are the three smooth muscle layers of the myometrium?

Answer 42

Stratum vasculare, and inner and outer layers

Question 43

During reproductive life, the endometrium consists of which two layers?

Answer 43

Stratum functionale and stratum basale

Question 44

Which layer of the endometrium is the thick part that is sloughed off at menstration?

Answer 44

Stratum functionale

Question 45

Which layer of the endometrium is retained during menstration?

Answer 45

Stratum basale

Question 46

Which blood vessels of the uterus undergo degeneration and regeneration under the influence of estogen and progesterone in each menstrual cycle?

Answer 46

Distal portion of the spiral arteries

Question 47

The cervical mucosa contains large, branched glands that are not in the endometrium. T/F

Answer 47

T

Question 48

The cervical mucosa has no spiral arteries. T/F

Answer 48

T

Question 49

The portion of the cervix that projects into the vagina is called what?

Answer 49

Ectocervix

Question 50

What type of cells cover the ectocervix?

Answer 50

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 51

What type of cells cover the endocervix?

Answer 51

Columnar epithelium

Question 52

What are the three layers of the vaginal wall?

Answer 52

Mucosal layer, muscular layer, adventitial layer

Question 53

The mucosal layer of the vagina is covered with what type of cells?

Answer 53

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 54

The mucosal layer of the vagina has numerous rugae. T/F

Answer 54

T

Question 55

The muscle layer of the vagina consists of which layers?

Answer 55

An outer longitudinal smooth muscle, an inner circular muscle

Question 56

Which muscular layer of the vagina is thicker: outer longitudinal or inner circular?

Answer 56

Outer longitudinal

Question 57

The outer longitudinal layer of the vagina is continuous with the corresponding layer of the uterus. T/F

Answer 57

T

Question 58

The adventitial layer of the vagina is organized into which two layers?

Answer 58

Inner dense CT layer, outer loose CT layer

Question 59

The inner adventitial layer of the vagina contains which type of fibers?

Answer 59

Elastic fibers

Question 60

Which layer of the vaginal adventita contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves?

Answer 60

Outer loose CT layer

Question 61

The surface of the vagina is lubricated by the secretions of its glands. T/F

Answer 61

F Glands are not present in the vaginal wall. Cervical and vestibular secretions lubricate the vagina.

Question 62

The lamina propria of the vagina has an outer layer that is a highly cellular (loose/dense) connective tissue.

Answer 62

Loose

Question 63

The inner (dense/loose) connective tissue layer of the vaginal lamina propria has many thin-walled veins that simulate erectile tissue during sexual arousal.

Answer 63

Dense

Question 64

Particularly which leukocytes can be found in the vaginal lamina propria?

Answer 64

Neutrophils

Question 65

Which hormone inhibits further growth of mammary glands in males during puberty?

Answer 65

Testosterone

Question 66

Which hormone stimulates further development of mammary glands in females during puberty?

Answer 66

Estrogen

Question 67

Which sensory nerve ending are abundant in the mons pubis and labia majora?

Answer 67

Meissner's corpuscles

Question 68

Which female glands are homologous to the male bulbourethral glands?

Answer 68

Bartholin's glands

Question 69

What are the glands of the vestibule?

Answer 69

Lesser vestibular glands (Skene's glands) | Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's glands)

Question 70

The vestibule is lines with what type of cells?

Answer 70

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 71

Epithelium present in the female reproductive tract a. Simple columnar b. Stratified squamous c. Stratified columnar d. Only A, and B e. A, B and C

Answer 71

e

Question 72

What is not found in a graafian follicle? a. Corona radiate b. Germinal epithelium c. Theca Interna d. Granulosa cells

Answer 72

B

Question 73

The mammary gland is what kind of gland?

Answer 73

Compound tubulo-acinar gland

Question 74

The zona pellucida is a refractile layer made of…

Answer 74

glycoprotein

Question 75

``` What is the fate of the Graafian follicle after ovulation? A. Atresia B. Corpus luteum C. Corpus albicans D. Luteinoma ```

Answer 75

B

Question 76

Which structure in the ovary is essential for “estrogen” – defined as baseline serum estrogen level, in normal nonmenopausal women?

Answer 76

Ovarian follicle

Question 77

Simple columnar in reproductive tract: a. portio vaginalis b. endocervix c. ectocervix d. vaginal fornix

Answer 77

B

Question 78

Which of the following appears first in secondary folliculi? A. Basal lamina B. Crescent shaped fluid filled cavity C. zona pellucida D. Theca folliculi

Answer 78

D

Question 79

Estradiol is released by: a. oocyte b. theca folliculi c. placental cells d. granulosa folliculi

Answer 79

D

Question 80

Most of the ovarian follicle turns into a. corpus albicans b. atretic follicles c. secondary follicles d. corpus luteum

Answer 80

B

Question 81

Increased size of mammary glands during pregnancy is a result of a. development of alveoli in terminal ducts b. accumulation of adipose tissue c. increasing amounts of connective tissue d. milk secretion secreted in alveoli and ducts

Answer 81

A

Question 82

Male mammary glands are similar to what stage in the female mammary gland development? a. puberty b. reproductive c. lactation d. menopause

Answer 82

D