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Ontogeny > Histology of the female reproductive organs > Flashcards

Histology of the female reproductive organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two distinct histologic regions of the ovary?

A

Cortex and medulla

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2
Q

In which of the two distinct histologic regions of the ovary are the ovarian follicles located?

A

Cortex

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3
Q

In which of the two distinct histologic regions of the ovary are blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves located?

A

Medulla

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4
Q

The tunica albuginea lies between which layers?

A

Germinal epithelium and cirtex of the ovary

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5
Q

What are the three basic histological types of ovarian follicles?

A

Primordial follicles, growing follicles, mature/Graafian follicles

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6
Q

When does the primordial follicle first appear in the ovaries?

A

Third month of fetal development

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7
Q

Early growth of the primordial follicle is (dependent/independent) of gonadrotropin stimulation.

A

Independent

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8
Q

What is an ooplasm?

A

The cytoplasm of an oocyte

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9
Q

Which is the first stage in the development of a growing follicle: primary oocyte or primordial oocyte?

A

Primary oocyte

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10
Q

What type of cells surround the primordial oocyte?

A

A single layer of squamous follicle cells

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11
Q

The outer surface of the follicle cells is surrounded by a basal lamina. T/F

A

T

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12
Q

What type of cells surround the primary oocyte?

A

A single layer of cuboidal follicular cells

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13
Q

The primary oocyte secretes specific proteins that are assembled into an extracellular coat called what?

A

Zona pellucida

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14
Q

The zona pellucida is between which layers of cells?

A

Between the primary oocyte and follicular cells

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15
Q

Where does the granulosa layer of the primary follicle come from?

A

Mitosis of follicular cells

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16
Q

Which type of cell junctions develop between granular cells of the orimary follicle?

A

Gap junctions

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17
Q

Which cells surround the follicle to form a sheath of connective tissue cells called theca folliculi?

A

Stromal cells

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18
Q

The theca folliculi is external the basal lamina of follicle cells. T/F

A

T

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19
Q

Theca folliculi differentiates into which two layers?

A

Theca interna and theca externa

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20
Q

Which layer of the theca folliculi is highly vascularized?

A

Theca interna

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21
Q

Which layer of the theca folliculi consists mainly of smooth muscle cells and bundles if collagen fibers?

A

Theca externa

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22
Q

Which layer of the theca folliculi consists of secretory cuboidal cells?

A

Theca interna

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23
Q

The granulosa layer is (vascukar/avascular) during follicular growth.

A

Avascular

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24
Q

The stratum granulosum reaches the size of how thick before fluid-filled cavities appear?

A

6 to 12 cell layers

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25
Q

The secondary follicle is characterized by which structure?

A

Antrum, a fluid-filled cresent shaped cavity

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26
Q

What is the thickened mound of granulosa cells projecting into the antrum?

A

Cumulus oophorus

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27
Q

The cells of the cumulus oophorus that immediately surround the oocyte and remain with it is called what?

A

Corona radiata

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28
Q

Which type follicle contains the secondary oocyte?

A

Mature follicle or Graafian follicle

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29
Q

In the mature follicle, which is thicker: antrum or stratum granulosum?

A

Antrum

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30
Q

What is ovulation?

A

A hormone mediated process resulting in the release of the secondary oocyte from the Graafian follicle.

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31
Q

The corpus luteum comes from what structure?

A

The follicular wall - remaining granulosa and thecal cells

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32
Q

What are the three layers of the uterine tubes?

A

Serosa, muscularis, mucosa

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33
Q

The wall of the uterine tubes resemble the wall of other hollow viscera except for the absence of which layer?

34
Q

What is the type of cells that line the mucosa of the uterine tubes?

A

Simple columnar epithelium - ciliated and non-cilliated

35
Q

Ciliated columnar epitheliuum is more numerous in which part of the uterine tubes?

A

Infundibulum and ampulla

36
Q

The wave of the cilia of the mucosal cells in the infundibuluma and ampulla is towarxs which direction?

A

Towards the uterus

37
Q

What is the function of noncilliated peg cells of the mucosal lining of the uterine tubes?

A

Secretion of fluid that provides nutritive material for the ovum

38
Q

Epithelial cells of the uterine tubes hypertrophy during (follicular phase/luteal phase).

A

Follicular phase

39
Q

Epithelial cells of the uterine tubes (hypertrophy/atrophy) during the luteal phase.

40
Q

Which layer/s of the uterus undergo changes in the menstrual cycle?

A

Myometrium and endometrium

41
Q

Which is the thickest layer of the uterus?

A

Myometrium

42
Q

What are the three smooth muscle layers of the myometrium?

A

Stratum vasculare, and inner and outer layers

43
Q

During reproductive life, the endometrium consists of which two layers?

A

Stratum functionale and stratum basale

44
Q

Which layer of the endometrium is the thick part that is sloughed off at menstration?

A

Stratum functionale

45
Q

Which layer of the endometrium is retained during menstration?

A

Stratum basale

46
Q

Which blood vessels of the uterus undergo degeneration and regeneration under the influence of estogen and progesterone in each menstrual cycle?

A

Distal portion of the spiral arteries

47
Q

The cervical mucosa contains large, branched glands that are not in the endometrium. T/F

48
Q

The cervical mucosa has no spiral arteries. T/F

49
Q

The portion of the cervix that projects into the vagina is called what?

A

Ectocervix

50
Q

What type of cells cover the ectocervix?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

51
Q

What type of cells cover the endocervix?

A

Columnar epithelium

52
Q

What are the three layers of the vaginal wall?

A

Mucosal layer, muscular layer, adventitial layer

53
Q

The mucosal layer of the vagina is covered with what type of cells?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

54
Q

The mucosal layer of the vagina has numerous rugae. T/F

55
Q

The muscle layer of the vagina consists of which layers?

A

An outer longitudinal smooth muscle, an inner circular muscle

56
Q

Which muscular layer of the vagina is thicker: outer longitudinal or inner circular?

A

Outer longitudinal

57
Q

The outer longitudinal layer of the vagina is continuous with the corresponding layer of the uterus. T/F

58
Q

The adventitial layer of the vagina is organized into which two layers?

A

Inner dense CT layer, outer loose CT layer

59
Q

The inner adventitial layer of the vagina contains which type of fibers?

A

Elastic fibers

60
Q

Which layer of the vaginal adventita contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves?

A

Outer loose CT layer

61
Q

The surface of the vagina is lubricated by the secretions of its glands. T/F

A

F

Glands are not present in the vaginal wall. Cervical and vestibular secretions lubricate the vagina.

62
Q

The lamina propria of the vagina has an outer layer that is a highly cellular (loose/dense) connective tissue.

63
Q

The inner (dense/loose) connective tissue layer of the vaginal lamina propria has many thin-walled veins that simulate erectile tissue during sexual arousal.

64
Q

Particularly which leukocytes can be found in the vaginal lamina propria?

A

Neutrophils

65
Q

Which hormone inhibits further growth of mammary glands in males during puberty?

A

Testosterone

66
Q

Which hormone stimulates further development of mammary glands in females during puberty?

67
Q

Which sensory nerve ending are abundant in the mons pubis and labia majora?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

68
Q

Which female glands are homologous to the male bulbourethral glands?

A

Bartholin’s glands

69
Q

What are the glands of the vestibule?

A

Lesser vestibular glands (Skene’s glands)

Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands)

70
Q

The vestibule is lines with what type of cells?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

71
Q

Epithelium present in the female reproductive tract

a. Simple columnar
b. Stratified squamous
c. Stratified columnar
d. Only A, and B
e. A, B and C

72
Q

What is not found in a graafian follicle?

a. Corona radiate
b. Germinal epithelium
c. Theca Interna
d. Granulosa cells

73
Q

The mammary gland is what kind of gland?

A

Compound tubulo-acinar gland

74
Q

The zona pellucida is a refractile layer made of…

A

glycoprotein

75
Q 
What is the fate of the Graafian follicle after ovulation?
A. Atresia
B. Corpus luteum
C. Corpus albicans
D. Luteinoma
76
Q

Which structure in the ovary is essential for “estrogen” – defined as baseline serum estrogen level, in normal nonmenopausal women?

A

Ovarian follicle

77
Q

Simple columnar in reproductive tract:

a. portio vaginalis
b. endocervix
c. ectocervix
d. vaginal fornix

78
Q

Which of the following appears first in secondary folliculi?

A. Basal lamina
B. Crescent shaped fluid filled cavity
C. zona pellucida
D. Theca folliculi

79
Q

Estradiol is released by:

a. oocyte
b. theca folliculi
c. placental cells
d. granulosa folliculi

80
Q

Most of the ovarian follicle turns into

a. corpus albicans
b. atretic follicles
c. secondary follicles
d. corpus luteum

81
Q

Increased size of mammary glands during pregnancy is a result of

a. development of alveoli in terminal ducts
b. accumulation of adipose tissue
c. increasing amounts of connective tissue
d. milk secretion secreted in alveoli and ducts

82
Q

Male mammary glands are similar to what stage in the female mammary gland development?

a. puberty
b. reproductive
c. lactation
d. menopause

Ontogeny (10 decks)

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