Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ontogeny > Embryo development: cleavage to organogenesis > Flashcards

Embryo development: cleavage to organogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

The extraembryonic mesoderm are formed from:

a. Primary yolk sac
b. Secondary yolk sac
c. Amniotic cavity
d. Chorionic cavity

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Localized thickening of hypoblast

a. Prechordal plate
b. Cloacal plate
c. Oropharyngeal membrane
d. Bucopharyngeal membrane

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epiblast is associated with

a. Primary yolk sac
b. Secondary yolk sac
c. Amniotic cavity
d. Chorionic cavity

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Process by which epiblast gives rise to 3 germ layers

a. Gastrulation
b. Neurulation
c. Involution

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Allantois is a diverticulum of the

a. Primary yolk sac
b. Definitive yolk sac
c. Amniotic Cavity
d. Chorionic Cavity

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chorionic villi associated with decidua that are compressed:

a. Decidua basalis
b. Decidua capsularis
c. Decidua parietalis
d. Decidua vera

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structure in placenta membrane that disappears at term

a. Syncytiotrophoblast
b. Mononucleated layer of cells
c. Villi
d. Chorionic plate

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary yolk sac develops from the

a. Extracoelomic space
b. Amniotic cavity
c. Chorionic Cavity
d. Blastocoele

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Somites form from the:

a. Paraxial mesoderm
b. Intermediate mesoderm
c. Lateral plate mesoderm
d. AOTA

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which is the origin of the three germ layers?

a. Epiblast
b. Hypoblast
c. Yolk sac
d. Trophoblast

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primordium of intervillous space

a. Lacunae of cytotrophoblast
b. Lacunae of syncytiotrophoblast
c. Epiblast
d. Hypoblast

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ultrasound can detect a mass at the coccygeal area of the fetus. What is the probable origin?

a. Allantois
b. Ileal diverticulum
c. Primitive Streak

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What lines the extraembryonic coelom?

a. Amniotic membrane
b. Heusser’s
c. Exocoelomic membrane
d. Chorionic Membrane

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Between which two membranes does the extraembryonic mesoderml lie?

a. Epiblast and Hypoblast
b. Cytotrophoblast and syncitiotrophoblast
c. Exocoelomic and syncitiotrophoblast
d. Cytotrophoblast and chorionic membrane

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics or one-week old blastocyst

a. Has a single layer of trophoblast
b. Developed amniotic cavity at embryonic pole
c. Attached to the uterine endometrium
d. Surrounded by a degenerating zona pellucida

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Early Stage of Cleavage are characterized by

a. Increase in number of cells inside the zona pellucida
b. Increase in size of cells in the zona
pellucida
c. Increase in size and number of cells in the zona pellucida
d. Formation of zona pellucida

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Development of primary oocytes occur

a. Before birth
b. At birth
c. During puberty
d. During pregnancy

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
Forerunner of gut?
A. Chorionic cavity
B. Amniotic Cavity
C. Yolk Sac
D. Allantois
A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which structure forms the urachus in the fetus?

A

Allantois

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Endometrium of a pregnant woman is called:
A. Decidua
B. Placenta
C. Myometrium
D. Penis
A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the cardiogenic area?

A

Superior to the prechordal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The longitudinal fold of the embryo along the median plane includes the following EXCEPT:

A. Allantois is incorporated into the embryo and the umbilical cord
B. Formation of ventral body wall
C. Formation of head and tail fold
D. The primordial heart moves ventral to the prechordal plate

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which forms the primitive groove?

A. Epiblast
B. Hypoblast
C. Somatic mesoderm
D. Splanchnic mesoderm

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gives rise to the axial skeleton and its corresponding musculature

A. Somites
B. Notochord
C. Cloacal membrane
D. Endoderm

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the forerunner of the primary yolk sac?

A

Blastocoel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The villi adjacent to the decidua basalis are called?

A

Chorion frondosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which of the following is involved in the production of hormones in the luteal phase?

A. oocyte
B.placental cell
C. theca-lutein cells
D.ovarian follicular cells

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When a zygote divides to have 2-8 cells what is it called?

A

Blastomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When a zygote divides to have 16 cells what is it called?

A

Morula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A blastocyst is characterized by which structure?

A

Blastocoel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The outer cell layer of a blastocyst is called what?

A

Trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The cell layer inside the trophoblast of a blastocyst is called what?

A

Inner cells mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the process in which a blastocyst loses its zona pellucida?

A

Hatching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the process by which a zygote becomes a blastomere?

A

Cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which structure is lost during hatching?

A

Zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The trophoblast gives rise to which two layers of cells in the second week of gestation?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The embryoblast gives rise to which two layers of cells in the second week of gestation?

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which cell layer of the second week of gestation is multinucleated and has no discernible cell boundaries?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which cell layer is underneath the syncytiotrophoblast?

A

Cytotrophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which cell layer from the embryoblast is columnar?

A

Epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which cell layer from the embryoblast is cuboidal?

A

Hypoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast derive from which layer?

A

Trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The blastocoel gives rise to which structure on the second week of gestation?

A

Primary yolk sac/ Heuser’s cavity/ extracoelomic cavity

44
Q

The hypoblast and epiblast derive from which cells?

A

Embryoblast

45
Q

The membrane that lines the primary yolk sac is from which cells?

46
Q

The amniotic cavity is associated with: blastocoel, primary yolk sac or secondary yolk sac?

A

Primary yolk sac and secondary yolk sac

47
Q

The primary yolk sac is derived from which structure?

A

Blastocoel

48
Q

Which cells line the amniotic cavity?

A

Amnioblasts

49
Q

Amnioblasts are from which cell layer?

50
Q

The extraembryonic mesoderm lines which cavity?

A

Primary yolk sac/ Heuser’s cavity/ extracoelomic cavity

51
Q

The extraembryonic mesoderm comes from which cell layer?

52
Q

The spaces that appear in the syncytiotrophoblast during the second week of gestation are what?

53
Q

What does the trophoblastic lacuna contain?

A

Maternal blood

54
Q

The primary villi is made up of which cells?

A

Cytotorophoblast

55
Q

The chorionic caviry is associated with which cavities?

A

Amniotic cavity, secondary yolk sac

56
Q

The connective stalk is made up of which layer?

A

Extraembyonic mesoderm

57
Q

Which membrane lines the secondary yolk sac?

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm

58
Q

The primary yolks sac gives rise to which structure?

A

Nothing. It regresses during the second week of gestation.

59
Q

The connecting stalk gives rise to which structure when blood vessels develop?

A

Umbilical cord

60
Q

What is the process wherein the bilaminar disc of the embryo develops into a trilaminar disc?

A

Gastrulation

61
Q

What are the three layers of the trilaminar disc?

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

62
Q

Which week does gastrulation occur?

A

Third week

63
Q

Gastrulation begins with the formation of which structure on the surface of the epiblast?

A

Primitive streak

64
Q

The primitive streak begins on which pole of the embryo?

A

Caudal pole

65
Q

Which cell layer gives rise to the three germ layers?

66
Q

Which structure marks the cephalic end of the bilaminar layer?

A

Prechordal plate

67
Q

The oropharyngeal layer is from which precursor?

68
Q

The primitive streak moves to which direction?

69
Q

The hypoblast is replaced by which cells during gastrulation?

70
Q

The formation of the notochord begins from which pole?

A

Cephalic end

71
Q

The posterior wall of the secondary yolk sac becomes which structure?

72
Q

What purpose does the allantois serve in the embryo?

A

A reservoir for excretion products

of the renal system

73
Q

What is the difference between primary villi and secondary villi?

A

Secondary villi have a extraembryonic mesoderm inner core.

74
Q

What is the difference between secondary villi and tertiary villi?

A

Tertiary villi have blood vessels

75
Q

Villi that extend from the chronic plate to the decidua basalis are called what?

A

Stem or anchoring villi

76
Q

Villi that branch from the side of stem villi are called what?

A

Free (terminal) villi

77
Q

When does organogenesis occur?

A

Third to eight weeks of gestation

78
Q

At the beginning of the third week of development, the ectodermal germ layer is broader caudally or cephalic?

79
Q

What is the function of the primary streak?

A

Determines body axis

80
Q

The primitive streak moves rostrally and stops at which point?

A

The prechordal plate

81
Q

What is neurulation?

A

The process by which the neural plate forms the neural tube.

82
Q 
What is formed by the extraembryonic mesoderm and trophoblasts?
   A. Amniotic membrane
   B. Chorionic membrane
   C. Heissner’s membrane
   D. Exocoelomic membrane
83
Q

Formation of the neural tube is dependent on the development of which structure?

A. Primitive streak
B. Germ layers
C. Notochord
D. Allantois

84
Q

What embryonic structure contributes to the formation of the head and neck?

A. Mesonephric ridge
B. Auricular hillock
C. Pharyngeal arches
D. Somites

85
Q

The cardiogenic area is located in which position relative to the prechordal plate?

A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Dorsal
D. Ventral

86
Q

All primary oocytes are formed when?

A. Before birth
B. At birth
C. Puberty
D. AOTA

87
Q

What structure is the primordium of the primitive gut?

A. Primary yolk sac
B. Secondary yolk sac
C. Chorion

88
Q 
The term placental villi which lie free in the intervillous space is called?
   A. Terminal villi
   B. Stem villi
   C. Anchoring villi
   D. Primary villi
89
Q 
Embryological structure associated with urinary bladder formation
   A. Notochord 
   B. Secondary yolk sac
   C. Primitive streak
   D. Allantois
90
Q

Pregnancy hormone

A. HCG
B. hPL
C. LDL
D.GnRH

91
Q

The hypoblast forms the roof of the

a. amniotic cavity
b. yolk sac
c. chorionic cavity
d. blastocystic cavity

92
Q

Spaces within the extraembryonic mesoderm

a. amniotic sac
b. yolk sac
c. chorionic cavity
d. blastocystic cavity

93
Q

Primary role of deciduas

a. produces progesterone
b. provides immunological protection for conceptus
c. produces HCG
d. provides nutrition for the embryo

94
Q

The embryoblast is between the yolk sac and the

a. chorionic cavity
b. amniotic cavity
c. extraembryonic cavity
d. blastocystic cavity

95
Q

First sign of gastrulation

a. appearance of primitive streak
b. formation of notochord
c. development of 3 germ layers
d. development of neural tube

96
Q

At what embryonic stage can you first appreciate the presence of the notochord?

97
Q

What week of the embryonic life do pharyngeal arches appear?

a. 4th wk
b. 5th wk
c. 6th wk
d. 7th wk

98
Q

Failure of the progression of lateral body folding will result to the following anomalies except

a. gastroschisis
b. omphalocoele
c. cleft sternum
d. bladder exstrophy

99
Q

Embryonic structure that persists as the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc

a. primitive streak
b. notochord
c. somite
d. . pharyngeal arch

100
Q

Villi that extends from the decidua basalis to chorion:

a) Anchoring villi
b) Terminal villi
c) Stem villi
d) Branch villi

101
Q

Villi adjacent to the decidua basalis contributing to the formation of placenta:

a) Chorion frondosum
b) Chorion laeve
c) Decidual plate
d) Chorionic villi

102
Q

Which of the following disappears as the placenta becomes older?

a) Endothelium of fetal capillaries
b) Connective tissue of villi
c) Syncytiotrophoblast
d) Cytotrophoblast

103
Q
  1. Exchange of materials between mother and fetus by?

a) Communicating lymphatic channels between mother and fetus
b) Diffusion from maternal blood sinus to fetal blood across syncytial and endothelial membrane
c) Opening between amnion and chorion
d) Anastomoses between maternal and fetal blood vessel

104
Q

What type of villi is devoid of blood vessels and connecting tissue?

a) Primary villi
b) Secondary villi
c) Tertiary villi
d) Anchoring villi

105
Q

The following is/are true of the function of the placenta:

a) Synthesizes steroid and protein hormones but not phospholipid-derived mediators which orchestrate maternal adaptations to pregnancy and regulates fetal and placental function and maturation
b) Serves as a communication interface between maternal and fetal compartments and responds to changes in chemical, endocrine, and immune signals derived from both compartments
c) Serves as a barrier by preventing the passage of waste and metabolic end-products towards the fetal side
d) AOTA

106
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin:

a) Presence of sialic acid at its terminal end prevents it from catabolic degradation
b) Its alpha-subunit is structurally related to TSH, FSH and LH
c) At less than 5 weeks age of gestation, produced in syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
d) AOTA

107
Q

A 25 y.o. pregnant woman with amenorrhea of 6 weeks is diagnosed with an ovarian cust of 8 cm. When is the best time to surgically removethe cyst?

A. immediately
B. 8-10 weeks AOG
C. after 24 weeks AOG
D. any of the above

Ontogeny (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions