Physiology of Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiration
exchange of gas between organism and environment
Inspiration
-bring air in lungs
-inhalation
Expiration
-moving air out of lungs
-exhalation
Pressure
-force over area
-P = F/A
-Increase force: increase pressure
-increase area: decrease pressure
Boyles Law
-pressure varies inversely w/volume for a given gas
-P1V1=P2V2
-volume increase, pressure decreases
-when piston pushed down: molecules closer together, molecular forces of repulsion increase pressure
-pressure increases
Lungs Have Volume
-increase volume, decrease pressure
-decrease in pressure causes air to enter the lungs
Rib Cage and Diaphragm
-Thoracic volume changes for inspiration
-2 planes of movement during inspiration
Planes of Movement For Inspiration
-vertical: up and down, from contraction of diaphragm
-transverse: horizontal, from elevation of rib cage
Lateral View Diaphragm
-When thorax expands transverse dimension thoracic cavity increase in volume
-when diaphragm contracts: thorax expands in vertical dimension, thoracic volume increases
Goal of Respiration
-oxygenate blood
-eliminate carbon dioxide
Gas Exchange Stages
-Ventilation
-Distribution
-Perfusion
-Diffusion
Ventilation
-actual air movement in respiratory pathway
-direct result of diaphragm and respiratory muscles
Distribution
-air circulated to 300-480 million alveoli
Perfusion
-migration through barrier
-oxygen poor blood from pulmonary artery to 6 billion capillaries supplying alveoli
Diffusion
actual gas exchange across alveolar-capillary membrane
Breathing Cycles
-1 cycle = 1 inspiration and 1 expiration
-known as tidal respiration
-entire cycle takes around 10 seconds: 4 inspiration, 6 expiration,
Tidal Volume
-air volume exchanged 1 respiratory cycle
-males and females: vary based on body and thorax size
-young adult female at rest: TV= 450cc
-young adult male at rest: TV= 600cc
-avg at rest: TV= 525cc
-during heavy work: as high as 2300cc
Inspiratory Reserve
-quantity of air can be inhaled beyond inhaled during tidal volume cycle
-male: 3000cc
-female: 1950cc
-avg: 2475cc
Expiratory reserve
-amount of air that can be pushed out of lungs beyond tidal volume
-male: 1200cc
-female: 800cc
-avg: 1000cc
Residual Volume
-air volume remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation
-includes dead air
-male: 1200cc
-female: 1000cc
-avg: 1100cc
Dead Air
-air volume in passageway not part of gas exchange
-remains in nasal, laryngeal, tracheal, bronchi, bronchioles
-component of residual volume
-100-200cc
Inspiratory Capacity
-max volume of air can be inhaled from resting expiratory level
-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
-TV= 525cc
- IRV= 2475cc
-IC= 3000cc
Vital Capacity
-Quantity of air that can be exhaled after as deep of an inhalation as possible
-most frequently cites capacity
-VC= TV + IRV+ ERV
-VC= 4000cc, 4 liters
Vitalo Capacity Varies by Age
-Decreases with age starting about 20 years
-lower for females than males