Anatomy of Articulatory and Resonance Systems Part 2 Flashcards
Angular Facial Muscles
Zygomatic major and minor
Depressor anguli oris
Levator anguli oris
Zygomatic Minor
-origin: facial surface of zygomatic bone
-course: down
-insertion: orbicularis oris
-function: elevate upper lip
-innervation: CN VII Facial
Zygomatic Major
-origin: zygomatic bone
-course: down
-insertion: corner of the mouth
-innervation: CN VII Facial
-function: draws angle of lips up (grin)
Levator Anguli Oris
-origin: superficial surface of maxilla
-course: down
-insertion: orbicularis oris, angle of mouth
-innervation: CN VII Facial
-Function: elevate lip
Depressor Anguli Oris
-origin: oblique line of mandible
-course: up
-insertion: orbicularis oris at corners
-innervation: CN Facial
-function: depress angle of lip (frown)
Vertical Facial Muscles
-levator labii superioris
-depressor labii inferioris
-mentalis
-levator labii alaequae nasi superioris
Levator Labii Superioris
-origin: infraorbital margin of maxilla
-course: down and lateral to side of nostril (dilates nostril)
-insertion: orbicularis oris
-innervation: CN VII Facial
-function: raises upper lip and flares nostrils
Mentalis
-origin: incisive fossa of mandible
-course: down
-insertion: chin
-innervation: CN VII Facial
-function: wrinkle chin and protrude lower lip
Depressor Labii Inferioris
-origin: mandible, lateral mental symphysis
-course: up and out
-insertion: lateral inferior orbicularis oris
-innervation: CN VII Facial
-function: draws lips down and in (pout or frown)
Levator Labii Superioris Alaequae Nasi
-origin: frontal process of maxilla
-course: down (lateral to naris)
-insertion: superior orbicularis oris
-innervation: CN VII Facial
-function: elevate middle of upper lip
Platysma
-origin: cervical fascia of pectoral region
-course: up
-insertion: lower mandible
-innervation: CN VII Facial
-function: depress mandible
Lips
-mouth orifice and external boundary of buccal cavity (consists of muscle, mucous membrane, epithelial tissue)
-vermillion zone
-cupid’s bow
-philtrum
-philtrum ridge or column
-columella nasi
-labial frenulum/frenum
-labial glands
Lips: Vermillion Zone
red part of lips
Lips: Cupid’s Bow
double curve of human upper lip that resembles the bow of cupid
Lips: Philtrum
groove on upper lip
Lips: Philtrum Ridge or Column
-vertical line on side of philtrum
Lips: Columella Nasi
anterior most aspect of septum
Lips: Labial Frenulum/Frenum
thin tissue band connects upper and lower lip to alveolar process (gums)
Lips: Labial Glands
small salivary glands located inner surface upper and lower lips
Teeth: Crown
-visible
-projects above gums
-1/3 of tooth
Teeth: Root
-embedded in alveolar process
-2/3 of tooth
Teeth: Cementum
-thin layer of bone holding tooth
Teeth: Neck
juncture of root and crown
Teeth: Dentin
-AKA Ivory
-Bulk of tooth
-Contain nerves in pulp
Teeth: Enamel
-hardest substance in body
-covers crown to root
-not on root
-resists abrasion
-thickest on grinding surface
Types of Teeth
-central incisors
-lateral incisors
-cuspids
-bicuspids
-molars
Central Incisors
-chisel shaped
-1 root
-lower (smaller than upper, overlapped by uppers)
Lateral Incisors
-smaller than centrals
-shorter root than centrals
Cuspids
-AKA canines/eye teeth
-lateral to lateral incisors
-large
-single point or cusp
-good solid root
-upper larger than lower
Bicuspids
-AKA premolars
-First and second bicuspids
-adult arch only
-two cusps (points)
-may have one or two roots
Molars
-Largest
-12 in permanent arch
-large, rectangular crowns
-first molar: largest
-third molar: wisdom tooth, smallest
-uppers smaller than lowers
Cusps
-First molar: 4 cusps
-Second molar: 3 or 4 cusps
-Third Molar: 3 cusps
Tongue Parts
-Tip (apex): anterior most portion
-Blade: front part behind tip, when tongue at rest it lies below alveolar ridge
-Dorsum: superior surface
-Root: resides in oropharynx
Tongue Attachments
-posteriorly to hyoid bone
-inferiorly lingual frenulum to lower jaw
Tongue Muscles
-Intrinsic: both origin and insertion within body of tongue
-Extrinsic: one attachment within tongue, one external
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles
-Superior longitudial
-Inferior Longitudinal
-Transverse
-Vertical
Superior Longitudinal Muscle
-Thin layer just beneath mucous membrane of dorsum
-Origin: root of tongue from hyoid and median fibrous septum
-course: fans anteriorly and laterally
-insertion: lateral margins and tip
-innervation: CN XII (Hypoglossal)
-function: elevate tip
Inferior Longitudinal Muscle
-Origin: root of tongue laterally and corpus hyoid
-course: anteriorly
-insertion: tip
-innervation: CN XII (Hypoglossal)
-function: pulls tip downward, assists with tongue retraction
Transverse Tongue Muscle
-origin: median fibrous septum
-course: laterally
-insertion: lateral margins of tongue
-innervation: CN XII (Hypoglossal)
-function: narrows and elongates
Vertical Tongue Muscles
-origin: inferior surface of tongue and right angle to transverse muscles
-course: top to bottom
-insertion: mucous membrane of tongue cover
-innervation: CN XII (Hypoglossal)
-function: flatten, widen, lengthen
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
genioglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus
hyoglossus
Genioglossus
-makes up bulk of tongue muscle
-strongest and largest extrinsic muscle
-premiere tongue mover
-origin: mental spines on inner surface of mandibular symphysis
-course: lower fibers to hyoid, upper fibers to dorsum and root of tongue
-insertion: muscous lining of tongue and hyoid
-innervation: CN XII (Hypoglossal)
-function: anterior fibers retract tongue, posterior fibers protrude tongue, both together depress tongue
Syloglossus
-origin: temporal bone syloid process
-course: down and anteriorly
-insertion: interdigitates with inferior longitudinal and hyoglossus
-innervation: CN XII (Hypoglossal)
-function: draw tongue up and back, pulls sides of tongue up for trough
Palatoglossus/Glossopalatine
-muscle of soft palate and extrinsic tongue muscle
-covered by oral mucose and forms visible palatoglossal arch (anterior faucial pillars)
-helps close mouth and important for swallowing
-paired with muscle on other side
Palatoglossus/Glossopalatine: Origin, etc
-Origin: anterior surface of soft palate
-course: down
-insertion: continuous with styloglossus and hyoglossus as interdigitates with inferior longitudinal
-innervation: CN V (vagus)
-function: raise dorsum and tongue root, lower soft palate
Hyoglossus
-origin: upper border hyoid bone
-course: up
-insertion: side of tongue
-innervation: CN XII (hypoglossal)
-function: depress and retract tongue, elevate hyoid
Tongue Movement: Protrude Tongue
posterior genioglossus
transverse intrinsic
Tongue Movement: Tip Up
superior longitudinal
Tongue Movement: Groove
-superior longitudinal
-styloglossus
Tongue Movement: Tip Down
-inferior longitudinal
Tongue Movement: Tongue Long and Narrow
transverse
Tongue Movement: Flatten Tongue
vertical
anterior and posterior genioglossus
Tongue Movement: Retract Tongue
-styloglossus
-anterior genioglossus
-hyoglossus
Tongue Movement: Raise Dorsum
-palatoglossus
-styloglossus
Tongue Movement: Shorten Tongue
-superior longitudinal
-inferior longitudinal
Velum Muscles: Depressors/Relaxers
-glossopalatine
-palatopharyngeus
Velum Muscles: Elevators
-levator veli palati
-uvular muscle
Velum Muscles: Auditory (Eustachian) Tube
tensor veli palatini
Levator Veli Palatini
-origin: petrous portion of temporal bone and medial plate of Eustachian tube cartilage
-course: down, medial, forward
-insertion: palatine aponeurosis-lateral uvular muscle
-innervation: CN XI (Accessory), CN X (Vagus)
-function: lifts soft palate up and back
Tensor Veli Palatini
-origin: medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid, lateral eustachian tube wall - orifice eustachian tube
-course: down
-insertion: palatal aponeurosis into horizontal plate of palatine bone
-innervation: CN V (Trigeminal)
-function: dilates eustachian tube, tenses up soft palate
Musculus Uvulae
-origin: palatine aponeurosis, posterior nasal spine
-course: down
-insertion: uvula mucous membrane
-innervation: CN XI (Accessory), CN X (Vagus)
-function: shorten and elevate soft palate
Velum: Palatoglossus/Glossopalatine
-Origin: anterior surface of soft palate
-course: down
-insertion: continuous with styloglossus and hyoglossus as interdigitates with inferior longitudinal
-innervation: CN X (Vagus)
-function: lower soft palate, raise dorsum and tongue root
Palatopharyngeus/Posterior Faucial Pillar
-origin: pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid, soft palate, cartilage of eustachian tube
-course: around levator palatini, split down each side of anterior oropharynx = posterior faucial pillar
-insertion: lateral wall of pharynx - as low as thyroid cartilage, superior horn of thyroid
-innervation: CN X (Vagus)
-function: depress soft palate
Pharyngeal Constrictors: Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
-origin: pteryomandibular raphe
-course: back and obliquely up
-insertion: midline of pharyngeal raphe of pharyngeal aponeurosis
-innervation: CN X (Vagus)
-function: constrict pharyngeal region
Pharyngeal Constrictors: Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
-origin: greater and lesser horns of hyoid
-course: back and obliquely up
-insertion: midline of pharyngeal raphe of pharyngeal aponeurosis
-innervation: CN X (Vagus)
-function: constrict pharyngeal region
Pharyngeal Constrictors: Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
-origin: sides of cricoid and thyroid cartilage
-course: back and obliquely up
-insertion: midline of pharyngeal raphe of pharyngeal aponeurosis
-innervation: CN X (Vagus)
-function: constrict pharyngeal region
Pharyngeal Constrictors: Cricopharyngeus
-inferior extension of inferior constrictor
-constricts opening to esophagus
-innervation: CN X (Vagus) = superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, pharyngeal nerve
