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Anatomy of Speech, Language, and Hearing > Anatomy of Phonation > Flashcards

Anatomy of Phonation Flashcards

1
Q

Corniculate Cartilages

A

-Cone shaped
-Cap on arytenoids
-Function: Perhaps assist forceful adduction
-Crucial Roles: Regulation airway, protecting airway, stabilizing larynx

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2
Q

Epiglottis

A

-Leaf shaped
-Behind hyoid at root of tongue
-Attached interior of thyroid cartilage below thyroid notch
-Ligaments connects root of tongue on anterior
-Protects larynx from food

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3
Q

Cuneiform Cartilages

A

-Embedded on each side of the aryepiglottic folds
-Support and stiffen aryepiglottic folds

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4
Q

Aryepiglottic Folds

A

-Flaps of mucus lining lateral epiglottis opening of larynx
-Triangular mucus membrane folds connect epiglottis and arytenoid cartilages

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5
Q

Laryngeal Joints

A

-Cricothyroid joint
-Cricoarytenoid Joint

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6
Q

Cricoarytenoid Joint

A

-Connects cricoid and arytenoid cartilages
-Shallow ball and socket joint
-Allows rotation and gliding motion
-Controls vocal fold adduction and abduction

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7
Q

Cricothyroid Joint

A

-Connects thyroid cartilage to cricoid cartilage
-Articular facets on inferior cornu thyroid
-Synovial Joint (Joint that allows wide range of movement between bones)
-Pivot for thyroid
-Rotates forward: Rocks maybes glides
-Increases distance between arytenoids and anterior thyroid
-Increases vocal fold tension: elongates them
-Used for pitch adjustments

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8
Q

Supraglottic Space

A

-Space in upper part larynx above vocal folds to epiglottis
-Made up of several structures
-Epiglottis
-Ventricular Folds
-Arytenoid Cartilages

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9
Q

Ventricle of Morgagni

A

-AKA: Laryngeal ventricle, laryngeal sinus
-Between true and false vocal folds

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10
Q

Plicae Vocalis

A

-AKA vocal folds
-Beneath false folds
-Attached in the back through the arytenoid cartilages
-Attached in the front via Broyles ligament to thyroid cartilage

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11
Q

Glottis

A

-Opening between vocal folds
-Primary valve between mouth and lungs
-Affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction

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12
Q

Infraglottal Space

A

-Space lower part of larynx below vocal folds to cricoid
-Lined with ciliated beating epithelium from bronchi to vocal folds

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13
Q

Membraneous and Cartilaginous Vocal Fold Portions

A

-Membraneous portion
-Anterior part primarily composed soft tissues
-Thyroarytenoid muscle and vocal ligament
-Part vibrates during phonation
-Cartilaginous Portion
-Posterior part
-Comprised of arytenoid cartilages and vocal process
-Responsible vocal folds movement and tension adjustments through muscle attachments

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14
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

-One component on larynx and one outside larynx
-Laryngeal support and fixation
-thyrohyoid
-sternohyoid

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15
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A

-Muscles attach hyoid and structures below hyoid
-Laryngeal depressors
-Omohyoid: superior and inferior
-Sternohyoid
-Thyrohyoid

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16
Q

Omohyoid Superior Head Muscle

A

-Origin: Intermediate tendon
-Course: up
-Insertion: Corpus hyoid side
-Function: depress hyoid
-Innervation: C1 spinal nerve

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17
Q

Omohyoid Inferior Head Muscle

A

-Origin: Upper border scapula
-Course: up and laterally
-Insertion: Intermediate tendon\
-Function: depress hyoid
-Innervation: C2 and C3 spinal nerves

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18
Q

Thyrohyoid Muscles

A

-Origin: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
-Course: up
-Insertion: inferior border of body and hyoid bone greater horn
-Function: elevates larynx and depress hyoid
-Innervation: C1 spinal nerve

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19
Q

Sternothyroid Muscle

A

-Origin: Posterior surface manubrium of sternum and costal cartilage of rib 1
-Course: up
-Insertion: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
-Function: depress hyoid and larynx
-Innervation C1 and C2

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20
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A

-Muscles attach hyoid and structures above hyoid

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21
Q

Laryngeal Elevators

A

-Digastricus anterior
-Digastricus posterior
-Stylohyoid
-Geniohyoid
-Mylohyoid

22
Q

Digastricus Anterior Muscle

A

-Origin: Inner surface of mandible near symphysis
-Course: medially and down
-Insertion: hyoid body via intermediate tendon
-Function: Pulls hyoid up, depresses mandible
-Innervation: CN V (Trigeminal)

23
Q

Digastricus Posterior Muscle

A

-Origin: mastoid process of temporal bone
-Course: medially and down
-Insertion: body of hyoid via intermediate tendon
-Function: pulls hyoid up, depresses mandible
-Innervation: CN VII (7, Facial)

24
Q

Stylohyoid Muscle

A

-Origin: stylohyoid process of temporal bone
-Course: medially and down
-Insertion: body of hyoid
-Function: elevate and retract hyoid
-Innervation: CN VII (7, Facial)

25
Geniohyoid Muscle
-Origin: mandible mental spines -Course: Back and down -Insertion: corpus hyoid -Function: elevate hyoid and depress mandible -Innervation CN XII (12, Hypoglossal) and C1 nerve
26
Mylohyoid Muscle
-Origin: mylohyoid line of inner mandible -Course: fanlike to median fibrous raphe and hyoid -Insertion: corpus hyoid -Function: elevates hyoid and depresses mandible -Innervation: CN V (Trigeminal)
27
Intrinsic Muscles
-Both origin and insertion within larynx -Provide adjustment for phonation -Lateral cricoarytenoid -Posterior cricoarytenoid -Oblique arytenoid -Transverse arytenoid -Cricothyroid: pars recta, pars oblique -Thyroarytenoid: thyrovocalis, thyromuscularis
28
Lateral Cricoarytenoid
-Origin: cricoid cartilage superior lateral surface -Course: up and back -Insertion: arytenoid cartilage muscular process -Function: adduct and shorten vocal folds -Innervation: CN X (Vagus), through recurrent laryngeal muscle
29
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
-Origin: cricoid cartilage posterior surface -Course: up and out -Insertion: Arytenoid cartilage muscular posterior process -Function: Only abduction muscles -Innervation: CN X (10, Vagus)
30
Oblique Arytenoid Muscle
-Origin: Posterior base of muscular process of arytenoid cartilage -Course: Obliquely up -Insertion: Apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage -Function: pulls apex medially, assists adduction of vocal folds -Innervation CN X (10, Vagus), through recurrent laryngeal nerve
31
Transverse Arytenoid Muscle
-Origin: Lateral margin and muscular process arytenoid cartilage -Course: Laterally -Insertion: Lateral margin and muscular process opposite arytenoid cartilage -Function: adduct vocal folds -Innervation: CN X (10, Vagus), through recurrent laryngeal nerve
32
Cricothyroid Pars Recta Muscle
-Origin: anterior surface of cricoid cartilage beneath arch -Course: up and out -Insertion: lower surface of thyroid lamina -Function: depresses thyroid cartilage, rotates cricothyroid joint, raise cricoid meet thyroid cartilage, tenses and lengthens vocal folds Innervation: external branch of superior laryngeal nerve of CN X (10, Vagus)
33
Cricothyroid Oblique Muscle
-Origin: cricoid cartilage lateral to pars recta -Course: obliquely up -Insertion: thyroid cartilage between lamina and inferior horns -Function: depresses thyroid and tenses vocal folds -Innervation: external branch of superior laryngeal nerve of CN X (10, Vagus)
34
Thyrovocalis Muscle
-Medial most muscle of vocal folds -Origin: Angle thyroid cartilage and adjacent cricothyroid ligament -Course: posteriorly -Insertion: anterolateral surface of arytenoid cartilage-arytenoid vocal process -Innervation: CN X -Function: tense vocal folds (vibrates) for voiced speech
35
Thyromuscularis Muscle
-Lateral portion of vocal folds -Origin: Inner thyroid lamina near notch of vocalis -Course: posteriorly -Insertion: muscular process and base of arytenoid cartilages -Innervation: CN X, recurrent laryngeal nerve -Function: adduct and lengthen vocal folds, may also relax vocal folds
36
Larynx Intrinsic Muscles Function
-Abductors -Adductors -Tensors -Relaxers
37
Vocal Fold Adductors
-Lateral cricoarytenoid -Oblique arytenoid -Transverse arytenoid -
38
Vocal Fold Abductors
-Posterior cricoarytenoid
39
Vocal Fold Tensors
-Thyroid Vocalis -Cricothyroid (pars oblique and rectus: primary muscle of pitch change)
40
Vocal Fold Relaxers
-Thyromuscularis
41
Vocal Folds
-Made up of muscle and ligament -Thyrovocalis: medial muscle -Thyromuscularis: lateral muscle -Vocal ligament: medial boundary
42
Vocal Folds Fine Structure: 5 Tissue Layers
1.) Squamous epithelium: most superficial tissue layer, provide white appearance 2.) Basement Membrane: between epithelium and lamina propria, bind it to next layer 3.) Superficial lamina propria: gelatinous 4.) Intermediate lamina propria: elastic fibers 5.) Deep lamina propria: collagen fibers, supportive
43
Vocal Fold Layers: Cover
-superficial epithelium -primary layer of lamina propria -secondary lamina propria -
44
Vocal Fold Layers: Body
-muscle layer -third layer of lamina propria -thyroarytenoid muscle: thyrocalis and thyromuscularis
45
Squamous Epithelium
-maintains vocal folds shape -protects vocal folds -keeps VF hydrated
46
Basement Membrane
-Holds epithelium to superficial layer of lamina propria -Made up of collagen: fibrous and strong
47
Superficial Lamina Propria
-Gelatinous -Mostly loose fibers and elastic components in matrix -Actually "space" or "matrix": AKA Reinke's space -Secreted by osteoblasts -Varies widely based on location -Cushions vocal folds
48
Intermediate Lamina Propria
-Elastic: adds elastic mechanical integrity -Bundle of soft rubber bands
49
Deep Lamina Propria
-Supportive -Not as elastic -Composed of mostly collagenous fibers -contributes durability
50
Vocal Ligament of Vocal Folds
-ILP: Elastic -DLP: supportive
51
Thyrovocalis
-body of vocal folds -passive and active qualities -passively: consistency stiff rubber bands -actively: contractile properties control stiffness
52
Layers Contribute to Vibratory Characteristics of Vocal Folds
1.) Outer: maintain structure 2.) Basement: attaches epithelium tightly to SLP 3.) SLP: gelatinous, cushion 4.) ILP: highly elastic 5.) DLP: strong 6.) Muscle adjusts tension

Anatomy of Speech, Language, and Hearing (13 decks)

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