Physiology of Feeding and Satiety

Question 1

energy homeostasis

Answer 1

physiological process whereby energy intake is matched to energy expenditure over time

promotes body fuel stability - energy primary stored as fat

Question 2

obesity

Answer 2

due to a small constant mismatch between energy intake and energy expenditure

increased body fat

Question 3

metabolic stress

Answer 3

metabolic sundrome
central obesity
dyslipidemia
insulin resistance
type 2 diabetes
cardiovascular disease

Question 4

BMI

Answer 4

weight (kg)/heightxheight (m)

Question 5

normal

Answer 5

BMI < 25

Question 6

overweight

Answer 6

BMI = 25 - 30

Question 7

obese

Answer 7

BMI = 30 - 40

Question 8

morbidly obese

Answer 8

BMI > 40

Question 9

factors influencing obesity

Answer 9

genetics and environment

Question 10

consequences of obesity

Answer 10

stroke, respiratory disease, heart disease, osteoarthritis, dementia, NAFLD, diabetes, cancer

Question 11

necessary fat

Answer 11

energy storage
prevention of starvation
energy buffer during prolonged illness

Question 12

CNS influences energy balance and body weight by

Answer 12

behaviour, ANS activity, neuroendocrine system

Question 13

feeding behaviour

Answer 13

ingrate of determines by hypothalamus

Question 14

satiation

Answer 14

sensation of fullness generate during a meal

Question 15

satiety

Answer 15

period of time between termination of one meal and the initiation of next

Question 16

adiposity

Answer 16

state of being obese

Question 17

satiation signals

Answer 17

cholecystokinin (CCK)

peptide YY

glucagon-like peptide 1

oxyntomodulin (OXM)

obestatin

Question 18

ghrelin

Answer 18

hunger signal

increase before meals and decrease after

Question 19

central appetite controllers

Answer 19

glutamate, gaba and opioids increase food intake

monoamines act to suppress food intake

Question 20

neuroendocrinology

Answer 20

leptin - made and released from fat cells

insulin - made and released from pancreatic cells

Question 21

reduced leptin

Answer 21

mimics starvation - causes unrestrained appetite

Question 22

biological roles of leptin

Answer 22

PLEIOTROPIC HORMONE

food intake/energy expenditure/fat deposition
peripheral glucose homeostasis/insulin sensitivity
maintenance of immune system
maintenance of reproductive system
angiogenesis
tumourigenesis
bone formation

Question 23

food reward

Answer 23

important role for dopamine pathways

Question 24

leptin resistance

Answer 24

defective leptin transport into brain

altered signal transduction following leptin binding its receptor

Question 25

over the counter obesity drugs

Answer 25

orlistat

Question 26

anti-obesity drug

Answer 26

lorcaserin
qsymia
contrave
liraglutide

Question 27

bariatric surgery

Answer 27

gastric by-passy surgery