Anatomy: Pain and the Likely Source Flashcards
abdominal organs
divided into three parts
foregut
oesophagus to mid-duodenum
midgut
mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
hindgut
distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of anal canal
quadrants - 4
divided around level of umbilicus
not infinite
region - 9
vertical lines = mid-clavicular
subcostal plane = just below ribs
transtubecular plane = 5cm up form scum on arch of iliac crest
upper regions
right hypochondrium
epigastric
left hypochondrium
middle regions
right lumbar
umbilical
left lumbar
lower regions
right inguinal
pubic
left inguinal
anterolateral abdominal wall
muscles contract to guard the abdominal organs when injury threatens
peritoneum
thin, transparent, semi-permeable, serous membrane
lines the walls of abdominopelvic cavity and organs
peritoneum is a continuous membrane
PARIETAL = body wall
VISCERAL = organ
creates the peritoneal cavity between the visceral and parietal layers
contain a small amount of lubricating fluid
intraperitoneal organs
almost completely covered in visceral peritoneum
intestine, stomach
miminally moblile
retroperitoneal organs
only has visceral peritoneum on its anterior surface
kidneys
organs with mesentery
covered in visceral peritoneum
visceral peritoneum wraps behind the organ to form a double layer - mesentery
mesentery suspends the organ form the posterior abdominal wall - very mobile
intraperitoneal organs classifications
liver and gall bladder stomach spleen parts of small intestine transverse colon
retroperitoneal organs
kidneys adrenal gland pancreas ascending colon descending colon
peritoneal formations
mesentery
usually connects organ to posterior body wall
omentum
double layer of peritoneum that passes from stomach to adjacent organs
peritoneal ligaments
double layer of peritoneum connects organs to one another or body wall
mesentery
have a core of connective tissue with blood and lymph nodes, nerve, lymph nodes and fat
high level mobility
mesentery proper
suspends small intestine from posterior wall
omentum - greater
four-layered
hangs like apron
attaches the greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
omentum - lesser
double-layered
runs between lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver
has a free edge
ascites
collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
can be drained from the peritoneal cavity by a procedure called paracentesis
nerves of the abdomen
viceral afferents - sensory nerves
enteric nervous system
sympathetic nerves
between T5 to L2
eneter sympathetic chains but dosent synapse
leaves with abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
synapse at per vertebral ganglia
postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres
pass from the pervertebral ganglia on [[
periaterial plexus as they hitch a ride with the arteries
adrenal glans - sympathetic nerves
T10-L1
synapses directly onto cells
parasympathetic nerves
vagus nerve
pelvic splanchnic organs
abdominal pain
forgot - epigastric region
T6-T9
midgut - umbilical region
T8-T12
hindgut - pubic region
T12-L2
thoracobdominal nerves
7th - 11th intercostal nerves
subcostal nerve
T12
lliohypogastric nerve
half of L1 anterior ramus
ilioinguinal nerve
other half of L1 anterior ramus
appendicitis
midgut organ
T8-T10
irritates the parietal peritoneum in the right iliac fossa
