Oral and Oesophageal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory disorders of oesophagus

A

acute oesophagitis

chronic oesophagitis

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2
Q

acute oesophagitis

A

rare

corrosive following chemical ingestion
infective in immunocompromised patients

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3
Q

chronic oesophagitis

A

common

reflux disease ‘refulx oesophagitis’
rare causes include crohns disease

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4
Q

reflux oesophagitis

A

inflammation of oesophagus due to refluxed low pH gastric content

may be due to defective sphincter mechanism +/- hiatus hernia

abnormal oesophageal motility

increased intra-abdominal pressure (pregnancy)

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5
Q

relax oesohagitis - microscopic

A

basal zone epithelial expansion

intraepithelial neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils

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6
Q

reflux oesophagitis - complications

A

ulceration (bleeding), stricture

BARRETTS OESOPHAGUS

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7
Q

barretts oesophagus - metaplasia

A

due to persistent reflux of acid or bile

may be due to expansion of columnar epithelium from gastric glands or from submucosal glands
may be due to differentiation from oesophagus stem cells

protective response, faster regeneration

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8
Q

barretts oesophagus - macroscopic and microscopic

A

red velvety mucosa in lower oesophagus

columnar lined mucosa with intestinal metaplasia

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9
Q

barretts oesophagus

A

unstable mucous - continuing damage

increased risk of developing dyslexia and carcinoma of the oesophagus

requires surveillance although valve of this is disputed

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10
Q

allergic oesophagitis

A

eosinophilic oesphagitis

personal/family history of allergy

corrugated or ‘spotty’ oesophagus

treatment = steroids, chromoglycate, mongdlukast

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11
Q

oesophageal tumours

A

benign and malignant

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12
Q

oesophageal tumours - benign

A

squamous, papilloma

rare papillary, asymptomatic, HPV related

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13
Q

oesophageal tumours -malignant

A

squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

commoner in males

zinc deficiency, tannic acid, smoking, alcohol, HPV, oesophagitis, genetic

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15
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

commoner in Caucasians

commoner is males/obesity

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16
Q

mechanisms of metastases

A

direct invasion, lyphatic permeation, vascular invasion

17
Q

carcinoma of oesophagus - clinical

A

dysphagia - due to tumour obstruction

anaemia, right loss, due to effective metastatic