Physiology Lec 1 Flashcards
of cell types in body?
200
of neuron types
3
of muscle cell types
3
Name the 3 muscle cell types
- smooth 2. skeletal 3. cardiac
The only voluntary muscles?
Skeletal
The only voluntary smooth muscle?
Diaphragm
Sheet like layer of cells that line external body surfaces, line hollow body tubes and organs, and function as a transport membrane?
Ephithelium
Most diverse of the 4 cell types
connective tissue cells
Anchors and links structures of the body.
connective tissue cells
Organization of th body
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
What is a determinant for the type of cell?
the type of tissue
Name the organ systems
circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary, skeletal, muscular, integumentary, immmune, nervous, endocrine, reproductive.
Homeostasis definition
maintaining a biological variable; returning it to normal after a pertuberation
What is the balance of homeostasis?
equilibrium versus steady-state
What are the components of homeostatic contral mechanisms?
afferent -> integration center -> efferent -> change
Receptor types
thermo, chemo, baro
What does the integrating center do?
evaluates input from receptor and initates the approiate action of the effector
Effectors are …
responsible for body responses. include muscles and glands
What disrupts homeostasis?
External stimuli (heat, cold, lack of o2, pathogens, toxins), Internal stimuli (body temp, bp, water, salt, sugar concentrations, physical and psychological distress)
The higher the gain of the feedback loop (stronger the response), the _____ the system is held near its desired state.
closer
Steady state ____ energy
consumes
Equilibrium homeostatic state, _____ energy change involved
no
Which fluid compartment of the body exchanges fluid with the environment?
blood plasma
60-40-20 rule?
60% of the body weight is total body water, 40 is intracellular, 20% is extracellular
What % of the body is water weight
60%
Whar portion of the body water is intracellular?
2/3rds
What portion of body water is extracellular?
1/3rd
What % of extracellular fluid is interstitial?
80%
What # of excell. fluid is plasma?
20%
5L of blood divided by plasma and red cells?
3L plasma, 2L red cells
Intracellular fluid + extracellular fluid = ?
total body water
Total body water - extracellular fluid =
intercellular fluid
plasma + interstitial fluid =
extracellular fluid
Which ions are predominant in the intracellular fluid?
K+ and HPO4 2-
Which ions are predominate in the extracellular fluid?
Na and Cl-
What helps nerves respond to stimuli?
Electrolyte exchange
Movement of which two ions are attributed to the electrical charge of nerve cells?
K and Na
The ion charge carries across the entire ____ cell
nerve
The ICF and ECF have _____ osmotic concentrations
identical
