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Test 1 > AP - Lec 1 Questions First (Hazards) > Flashcards

AP - Lec 1 Questions First (Hazards) Flashcards

1
Q

3 main hazards anest. are presented with

A

chemical vapors, ionizing radiation, infectious agents

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2
Q

3 additional hazards anest. are faced with

A

phsychological stress, occupational rx abuse, suicide (wat?)

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3
Q

NIOSH acronym

A

National institute for occupational safety and health

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4
Q

NIOSH responsibilities

A

education, research, health standards, publish documentation

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5
Q

OSHA Acronym

A

Occupational Safety & Health Administration

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6
Q

OSHA Responsibilities

A

enacting job health standards by investigating violations and enforcing standards

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7
Q

Physical Hazards

A

Trace anesthetic gases can cause: ^ risk spontaneous abortion, birth defects, decreased fecundability

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8
Q

Physical Hazards 2

A

lifting heavy weights, >46 hour work weeks, changing work shift

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9
Q

Trace gas cancer risk

A

1.3-2x increase in females. no risk in males

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10
Q

What is methylmethacrylate?

A

cement type substance used in hip/knee reconstruction

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11
Q

Methylmethacrylate risks

A

exposure for factory workers <8 hours. Can cause: respiratory (asthma) cutaneous genitourinary ellergic sensitizer

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12
Q

Halothane (hepatitis) stats

A

1:35k adults, 1:200k children

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13
Q

What are some chemical hazards?

A

Methylmethacrylate, halothane, chemotherapy

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14
Q

Chemotherapy protocols

A

special gown, mask, shoe covering

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15
Q

Radiation situations for exposure (4)

A

radiographs (angiography), fluoroscopy, radiation therapy, PACU

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16
Q

Proper Precautions (PPE) for radiation hazards

A

lead aprons & shield, dosimeters, maintaining distance: e=1/d^2

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17
Q

Lazer Hazards

A

thermal burns, eye injury, electrical hazards, fire & explosion

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18
Q

Lazer Plume Hazards

A

can contain viral DNA and toxic chemicals: HPV, HIV, HBV

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19
Q

Laser Protection Gear

A

high-efficiency laser mask

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20
Q

Hazards of long work hours

A

error attributed to fatigue: 64%, impaired health, emotional problems, performance decline

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21
Q

Infection transmission of agents require (6):

A

source, stabile pathogen, adequate numbers, infectivity of agent, appropriate vector, portal of entry

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22
Q

Respiratory transmission (2)

A

Aerosolization: Small particle aerosolize by coughing, sneezing Self innoculation: direct oral, nasal, or conjuctival exposure

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23
Q

Aerosolization risks

A

influenza, measles, rhinovirus, tuberculosis

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24
Q

self inoculation risks

A

rhinovirus, respiratory syncital virus

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25
Q

Influenza

A

orthomyxoviridae

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26
Q

Influenza facts:

A

Easily transmitted, us 36k deaths, 200k hospitalization morbidity rare in healthy individuals, respiratory isolation, precautions: immunized annually (new strains)

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27
Q

h1n1 spanish flu A

A

Most common in ages 25-34

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28
Q

Rubeola & Rubella

A

Paramyxoviridae

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29
Q

Rubeola aka measles transmission

A

Aerosolization

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30
Q

Rubeola/measles info

A

highly infective (90% of households), rash & spots, fever and 3 cs

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31
Q

3 c’s

A

cough, coryza, conjuctivitis

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32
Q

Coryza

A

cold’ of upper respiratory tract

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33
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

eye infection,pinkeye

34
Q

Rubeola complications

A

diarrhea, pneumonia, encephalitis M 1:1000, 30% immunosuppressed

35
Q

Rubella is known as

A

german measles

36
Q

rubella facts

A

most adults immune, miscarriages 1st trimester, cause birth defects or fetal death, congenital rubella syndrome, health care worker is at increased risk 13x.

37
Q

mumps known as

A

epidemic parotitis

38
Q

how is mumps spread

A

airborn droplets

39
Q

symptoms of mumps

A

swelling salivary & paratid glands Not severe in children most often children 5-9 yo

40
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) latin name

A

paramyxoviridae

41
Q

RSV impact on children

A

most common cause of lower respiratory disease 60% infants 100% 2-3 yo

42
Q

RSV spreads how?

A

self-inoculation

43
Q

RSV active on surface for

A

6 hours

44
Q

RSV is shed after __ days

A

7

45
Q

RSV after infection

A

can cause asthma symptoms in young kids for up to 6 months

46
Q

Rhinovirus facts

A

most common viral infective agents in humans, and major cause of the common cold

47
Q

Rhinovirus transmission:

A

self-inoculation and/or aerosolized

48
Q

Rhinovirus types

A

110 serologic virus types responsible for approx 50% of all cases of common cold

49
Q

Herpes Virus, varieties & number

A

8 varieties VZV varicella-zoster, HSV 1&2, CMV

50
Q

Vericella-zoster

A

chickenpox & shingles

51
Q

Vericella-zoster communicability

A

1-2 days before and 5-6 days after

52
Q

Vericella-zoster titer

A

necessary for unknown history

53
Q

Herpes Symplex Type 1 symptoms

A

Severe oral lesions fever adenopathy

54
Q

Herpes Type 1 transmission

A

self inoculation or direct contact

55
Q

Herpes Type 1 Encephalitis

A

70% mortality w/o Tx

56
Q

Herpes Type 1 Ocular

A

blindness

57
Q

Herpes Type 1 Asymptomatic %

A

5%

58
Q

CMV Occurrence

A

40-90% have antibodies, occurs during childhood

59
Q

CMV transmission

A

direct contact (unlikely aerosols)

60
Q

CMV & pregnancy

A

infection during pregnancy can cuase 2.5% fatal infection, 10% congenital CMV syndrome.

61
Q

CMV

A

No greater risk of infection than personel with no pt contact

62
Q

Hepatits Source of Virus

A

A feces B fluids C fluids D fluids E feces

63
Q

Hepatitis Roule of Transmission

A

A fecal-oral B percutaneous permucosa C percutaneous permucosa D percutaneous permucosa E fecal-oral

64
Q

Hepatitis Chronic infection

A

A no B yes C yes D yes E no

65
Q

Hepatisis Prevention

A

A pre/post-exposure immunization B pre/post-exposure immunization C blood donor screening; risk behavior modification D pre/post-exposure immunization, risk behavior modification E ensure safe drinking water

66
Q

Hepatitis B Prevalence

A

3-5% in US Seroconversion up to 30% 5% develop chronic hepatitis which develops into ESLD 1% develop fulminant hepatitis (<70% mortality)

67
Q

Hep B Transmission

A

sexual contact, shared needles/syringes, perinatally

68
Q

Hep B primary prevention

A

HBV vaccines

69
Q

Hep C: Liver

A

leading cause of liver disease in US, 9k cases per year

70
Q

HCV prevalence

A

3% in us 60% HCV infected pts will have chronic heptatitis, cirrhosis seroconversion 1.8%

71
Q

HIV %’s

A

Seroconversion .3% Percutaneous exposure, 0. 1% mucous membrane exposure

72
Q

HIV risks

A

visible blood on device deep injury needle placed intravascular terminal illness (death within 2 months)

73
Q

Tuberculosis transmission

A

bacilli on airborn particles 1-5 microns

74
Q

Tuberculosis infection/mortality rates

A

7-8 million infected per year, 8000 die per day

75
Q

TB groups with high risk

A

personel contacts with active TB immigrants alcoholics homeless iv users

76
Q

TB Protection

A

N95 mask

77
Q

TB immune response to limit spread

A

2-10 weeks

78
Q

TB detection

A

skin test PPD

79
Q

TB & surgery

A

should be delayed until pt is no longer infectious non elective procedures should be sched for end of day wear high efficiency filter (99.7% particles)

80
Q

TB & the OR

A

TB pt should be transported from isolation room wearing a mask OR door should be closed with minimal traffic Few # of other pt’s in OR optimal End of day, use bacterial filter btw anesthesia circuit and airway.

Test 1 (18 decks)

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