Anatomy Lec 3 (Skeletal Axial)

Question 1

two divisions of the skeleton

Answer 1

1. axial 2. appendicular skeleton

Question 2

of bones in axial skeleton

Answer 2

80

Question 3

of bones in appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

126

Question 4

3 parts of axial skeleton

Answer 4

1. cranium 2. vertebral column 3. bony thorax

Question 5

Not included in axial (common misconception)

Answer 5

scapula, clavical

Question 6

2 functions of the cranium

Answer 6

1. encloses and protects the brain 2. provides attachment for head and neck muscles

Question 7

5 functions of the face

Answer 7

1. form framework 2. cavities for sensory organs 3. passage of air/food 4. teeth 5. anchor muscles of face

Question 8

3 cranial fossae

Answer 8

1. posterior 2. middle 3. anterior

Question 9

2 divisions of cranium

Answer 9

vault and base

Question 10

divides skull into distinct fossae

Answer 10

prominent bony ridges

Question 11

3 sections of sphenoid

Answer 11

1. zygomatic arch 2. lesser wing 3. greater wing

Question 12

2 sections of superior ethmoid bone

Answer 12

1. crista galli 2. cribiform plate

Question 13

4 smaller cavities of the skull

Answer 13

1. middle/inner ear 2. nasal cavity 3. orbits 4. air filled sinuses

Question 14

how many openings in the skull

Answer 14

85

Question 15

3 openings for important stuctures

Answer 15

spinal cord, blood vessels (for brain), 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves

Question 16

of large bones in cranium

Answer 16

8

Question 17

2 sets of paired cranial bones

Answer 17

1. temporal 2. parietal

Question 18

4 unpaired cranial bones

Answer 18

1. frontal 2. occipital 3 sphenoid 4. ethmoid

Question 19

Location of parietal bones

Answer 19

superior and latereral

Question 20

4 Major sutures of the cranium

Answer 20

1. cornoal 2. squamous 3. sagittal 4. lambdoid

Question 21

2 bones making up coronal suture

Answer 21

parietal and frontal

Question 22

2 bones that make up squamous suture

Answer 22

parietal and temporal

Question 23

2 bones forming sagittal suture

Answer 23

left and right parietal bones meet superiorly

Question 24

2 bones forming lambdoid suture

Answer 24

parietal and occipital

Question 25

3 major structures of frontal bone

Answer 25

1. supraorbital margin 2. glabella 3. frontal sinuses

Question 26

Forms the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 26

occipital bone

Question 27

5 structures of occipital bone

Answer 27

1. occipital condyles 2. hypoglossal foramen 3. external occipital protuberance 4. superior nucah lines 5. inferior nuchal lines

Question 28

Mastoid Process function

Answer 28

1. sitre for neck muscle attachment 2. contains air sinuses

Question 29

Petrous region

Answer 29

1. projects medially, contributes to cranial base 2. houses cavities of middle/inter ear

Question 30

4 foramina of the temporal bone

Answer 30

1. jugular foramen 2. carotid canal 3. formane lacerum 4. internal acoustic meatus

Question 31

Sphenoid bone functions

Answer 31

1. spans width of cranial floor 2. resembles bat 3. 5 important openings 4. keystone of the cranium 5. body and thre pairs of processes

Question 32

3 Sphenoid bone foramen

Answer 32

1. rotundum 2. ovale 3. sphinsum

Question 33

Location of ethmoid bone

Answer 33

1. between nasal and sphenoid bones 2. forms most of the medial bony region between the nasal cavity and orbits

Question 34

3 major internal ethmoid structures

Answer 34

1. cribiform plate (olfactory foramina) 2. crista galli 3. perpendicular plate

Question 35

Cribiform plate

Answer 35

superior surface of the ethmoid bone

Question 36

Crista galli

Answer 36

attachment for falx cerebri

Question 37

Perpendicular plate

Answer 37

forms superior part of nasal septum

Question 38

Lateral masses of ethmoid bone

Answer 38

contain air cells

Question 39

superior and middle nasal conchae (ethmoid bone)

Answer 39

extend medially from lateral masses

Question 40

2 unpaired facial bones

Answer 40

1. mandible 2. vomer

Question 41

6 paired facial bones

Answer 41

1. maxillae 2. zygomatic 3. nasal 4. lacrimal 5. palatine 6. inferior nasal conchae

Question 42

3 anterior features of ethmoid

Answer 42

1. lacrimal 2. middle nasal concha 3. perpendicular plate

Question 43

2 components of mandible

Answer 43

1. horizontal body 2. upright rami

Question 44

4 maxillary bone features

Answer 44

1. articulate with all other facial bones 2. contain maxillary sinuses (largest) 3. forms part of inferior orbital fissure 4. “Keyston” bones of the face

Question 45

4 locations of air filled sinuses

Answer 45

1. frontal bone 2. ethmoid bone 3. sphenoid bone 4. maxillary bones

Question 46

Functions of paranasal sinuses

Answer 46

1. lined with mucous membrane 2. lighten skull

Question 47

3 functions of hyoid bone

Answer 47

1. inferior to mandible 2. only bone with no bone articulation 3. acts as movable base for tongue

Question 48

4 functions of thoracic cage

Answer 48

1. framework of chest 2. protects organs 3. supports shoulder girdle & upper limbs 5. provides attachment sites for muscles

Question 49

True ribs

Answer 49

1 - 7

Question 50

False ribs

Answer 50

8 - 12

Question 51

Floating Ribs

Answer 51

11 - 12

Question 52

3 sections of sternum

Answer 52

1. manubrium 2. body 3. xiphoid process

Question 53

2 Disorders of the axial skeleton

Answer 53

1. cleft palate 2. stenosis of lumbar spine

Question 54

Cleft palate

Answer 54

1. congenital disorder 2. right and left halves of palate fail to fuse medially

Question 55

Stenosis

Answer 55

1. narrowing of vertebral canal 2. compressed roots of spinal nerves

Question 56

3 abnormal spinal curvatures

Answer 56

1. scoliosis 2. kyphosis 3. lordosis

Question 57

Scoliosis

Answer 57

abnormal lateral curvature

Question 58

kyphosis

Answer 58

exaggerated thoracic curvature

Question 59

lordosis

Answer 59

accentuated lumbar curvature ; swayback”

Question 60

Axial skeleton development

Answer 60

1. membrane bones ossify in second month development 2. bone tissue grows outward from ossification center 3. frontanels

Question 61

frontanels

Answer 61

unossified remnants of membranes