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Test 1 > AP - Lec 2 (Hazards) > Flashcards

AP - Lec 2 (Hazards) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 routes of bloodborne infections?

A
  1. percutaneous contact 2. mucosal contact 3. non intact skin exposure
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2
Q

Infectious fluids include (8):

A

blood, spinal fluid, amniotic, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, synovial, inflammatory exudates.

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3
Q

What is the most important action of prevention of spreading infection?

A

hand washing.

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4
Q

Minimal time to soap up hands?

A

15 seconds.

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5
Q

What’s the main personal protection device to handle blood or bodily fluids?

A

goves

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6
Q

Which Personal protection devices are used if spraying or splashing of fluids is anticipated?

A
  1. mask 2. eye protection 3. gowns
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7
Q

What are indications for the use of enhanced contact precautions?

A

MRSA, VRE, cdiff (clostridium difficle)

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8
Q

What are the enhanced contact precautions?

A

same as regular contact precautions but more obsessive.

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9
Q

Regarding droplet precautions, we should wear a mask within 3 feet of patients with

A
  1. mumps 2. germn measles 3. step 4. meningococcal
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10
Q

Another name for mumps?

A

infective parotitis

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11
Q

Another name for german measles?

A

rubella

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12
Q

another name for streptococcus

A

group a-pneumonia

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13
Q

another name for meningococcal

A

meningitis

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14
Q

What color is the sharps container?

A

red

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15
Q

What color is the reusable sterile gown container?

A

green

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16
Q

Which disease warrants the use of the NIOSH-95 mask?

A

TB

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17
Q

Which 3 diseases should we avoid unless immune?

A
  1. chickenpox 2. disseminated vericella zoster 3. measles
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18
Q

How often is TB testing?

A

Yearly.

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19
Q

T/F: Treat all patients as if they have a communicable blood and bodily fluid infection.

A

True.

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20
Q

What happens if you get a needle stick?

A

Follow the needle stick protocol of the clinical site you’re at. Not necessarily the emory protocol.

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21
Q

Cleaning:

A

removal of foreign material

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22
Q

Antiseptic:

A

chemical germicide for use of living tissue

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23
Q

Disinfectant:

A

chemical germicide for use of non living items

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24
Q

Sterile

A

completely free of all microorganisms

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25
Q

Sterilization

A

process that creates survival rate of < 1:1,000,000

26
Q

Disinfection level: High

A

kills fungi, viruses, and vegetative bacteria (except endospores)

27
Q

Disinfection level: intermediate

A

kills fungi, non small or nonlipid viruses, and bacteria (except endospores)

28
Q

Disinfection level: Low

A

kills fungi, some viruses (lipid/medium sized) and bacteria (except TB, endospores)

29
Q

Is most anesthesia equipment single use or reusable?

A

single use

30
Q

Reusable equipment that touches patient:

A
  1. OR table 2. arm boards 3. bp cuff 4. ECG cable/leads 5. pulse oximeter 6. probe and cable 7 stethoscope.
31
Q

Reusable equipment requires at least what level disinfection?

A

low

32
Q

Which equipment requires sterility?

A

any item that will enter or contact any body area that is sterile

33
Q

Items coming into contact with mucous membranes but do not penetrate body surface must undergo ____ level disinfection

A

high

34
Q

Simple cleaning:

A

soap and water

35
Q

antiseptic cleaning:

A

substance that has antimicrobial activity and safely applied to living tissue (alcohol, iodine).

36
Q

Chlorine cleaning products

A

most widely used disinfectant. Used on tables, floors, surfaces, and equipment

37
Q

Hydrogen Peroxide

A

effective surface clearning and safe for rubber and plastic

38
Q

4 Types of Sterilization process

A
  1. steam 2. chemical 3. radiation 4 plasma
39
Q

2 types of chemical sterilization process

A
  1. gas 2. liquid
40
Q

Autoclaving?

A

the use of high pressured steam to sterilize instruments.

41
Q

T/F autoclaving is expensive and should be avoided to reduce costs

A

False, it’s cheap, effective and leaves no residues.

42
Q

Autoclaving is a combination of which two effective methods

A

high pressure and high temperature

43
Q

Typical equipment used in autoclaving?

A

metal instruments, laryngoscope blades.

44
Q

With preservative free medications we need to use 3 precautions:

A
  1. check label 2. use alcohol swab on rubber septum 3. discard vial/ampule or syringe after use
45
Q

Syringe use

A

Common sense: dispose of used. Store unused in a clean area.

46
Q

Medications should be discarded ___ hours from being drawn up

A

24

47
Q

Propofol has a shelf life of __ hours

A

6

48
Q

New formula of Propofol has a shelf life of

A

12 hours

49
Q

Multidose vials:

A

Use antiseptic. Throw away at expiration date.

50
Q

What % of healthcare workers have a rxn to latex?

A

70

51
Q

Latex sensitive anesthesia

A

13-16%

52
Q

SPINA BIFIDA and latex

A

“split spine”.. 73% develop latex allergy due to multiple GU sergeries.

53
Q

High risk groups for latex allergies (5)

A

Healthcare workers, multiple surgery procedures, occupational exposure (hairdressers), history of hay fever, rhinitis, asthma, eczma, food allergies.

54
Q

What to do if known latex allergy?

A

Notify OR techs of a latex allergy.

55
Q

Examples of latex equipment in anesthesia?

A

gloves, masks, circuits and bag, ventilator bellows, single stick multidose vials, latex iv injection ports, penrose type tourniquets, blood pressure cuffs, syringe plungers.

56
Q

What are some betadine allergy considerations?

A

Betadine skin solution (alternatives available), contrast dye, shellfish.

57
Q

Which vein carries a lower risk of intravascular catheter related infections?

A

subclavian

58
Q

Which catheter selection is best to reduce infection? single or double lumen

A

single

59
Q

What are some notable airborne guidelines (there’s like 12)

A

Place sign outside room. Use n95 mask. Pt in Airborne Isolation Room (AIIR). Postpone surgery if possible. Schedule surgery at later time to avoid infecting other patients and staff.

60
Q

Is the OR positive or negative pressure?

A

Positive.

61
Q

What are two major contact precautions?

A
  1. Gown and glove upon entering a room. 2. remove gloves and gown before exiting room. Care must be used to avoid self-contamination when removing PPE.
62
Q

What are major droplet precautions?

A

separate patients. one patient per room optimal. Sign outside room for warning. HCW should wear proper PPE. PT should wear mask when transported.

Test 1 (18 decks)

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