AP - Lec 2 (Hazards) Flashcards
What are the 3 routes of bloodborne infections?
- percutaneous contact 2. mucosal contact 3. non intact skin exposure
Infectious fluids include (8):
blood, spinal fluid, amniotic, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, synovial, inflammatory exudates.
What is the most important action of prevention of spreading infection?
hand washing.
Minimal time to soap up hands?
15 seconds.
What’s the main personal protection device to handle blood or bodily fluids?
goves
Which Personal protection devices are used if spraying or splashing of fluids is anticipated?
- mask 2. eye protection 3. gowns
What are indications for the use of enhanced contact precautions?
MRSA, VRE, cdiff (clostridium difficle)
What are the enhanced contact precautions?
same as regular contact precautions but more obsessive.
Regarding droplet precautions, we should wear a mask within 3 feet of patients with
- mumps 2. germn measles 3. step 4. meningococcal
Another name for mumps?
infective parotitis
Another name for german measles?
rubella
another name for streptococcus
group a-pneumonia
another name for meningococcal
meningitis
What color is the sharps container?
red
What color is the reusable sterile gown container?
green
Which disease warrants the use of the NIOSH-95 mask?
TB
Which 3 diseases should we avoid unless immune?
- chickenpox 2. disseminated vericella zoster 3. measles
How often is TB testing?
Yearly.
T/F: Treat all patients as if they have a communicable blood and bodily fluid infection.
True.
What happens if you get a needle stick?
Follow the needle stick protocol of the clinical site you’re at. Not necessarily the emory protocol.
Cleaning:
removal of foreign material
Antiseptic:
chemical germicide for use of living tissue
Disinfectant:
chemical germicide for use of non living items
Sterile
completely free of all microorganisms
Sterilization
process that creates survival rate of < 1:1,000,000
Disinfection level: High
kills fungi, viruses, and vegetative bacteria (except endospores)
Disinfection level: intermediate
kills fungi, non small or nonlipid viruses, and bacteria (except endospores)
Disinfection level: Low
kills fungi, some viruses (lipid/medium sized) and bacteria (except TB, endospores)
Is most anesthesia equipment single use or reusable?
single use
Reusable equipment that touches patient:
- OR table 2. arm boards 3. bp cuff 4. ECG cable/leads 5. pulse oximeter 6. probe and cable 7 stethoscope.
Reusable equipment requires at least what level disinfection?
low
Which equipment requires sterility?
any item that will enter or contact any body area that is sterile
Items coming into contact with mucous membranes but do not penetrate body surface must undergo ____ level disinfection
high
Simple cleaning:
soap and water
antiseptic cleaning:
substance that has antimicrobial activity and safely applied to living tissue (alcohol, iodine).
Chlorine cleaning products
most widely used disinfectant. Used on tables, floors, surfaces, and equipment
Hydrogen Peroxide
effective surface clearning and safe for rubber and plastic
4 Types of Sterilization process
- steam 2. chemical 3. radiation 4 plasma
2 types of chemical sterilization process
- gas 2. liquid
Autoclaving?
the use of high pressured steam to sterilize instruments.
T/F autoclaving is expensive and should be avoided to reduce costs
False, it’s cheap, effective and leaves no residues.
Autoclaving is a combination of which two effective methods
high pressure and high temperature
Typical equipment used in autoclaving?
metal instruments, laryngoscope blades.
With preservative free medications we need to use 3 precautions:
- check label 2. use alcohol swab on rubber septum 3. discard vial/ampule or syringe after use
Syringe use
Common sense: dispose of used. Store unused in a clean area.
Medications should be discarded ___ hours from being drawn up
24
Propofol has a shelf life of __ hours
6
New formula of Propofol has a shelf life of
12 hours
Multidose vials:
Use antiseptic. Throw away at expiration date.
What % of healthcare workers have a rxn to latex?
70
Latex sensitive anesthesia
13-16%
SPINA BIFIDA and latex
“split spine”.. 73% develop latex allergy due to multiple GU sergeries.
High risk groups for latex allergies (5)
Healthcare workers, multiple surgery procedures, occupational exposure (hairdressers), history of hay fever, rhinitis, asthma, eczma, food allergies.
What to do if known latex allergy?
Notify OR techs of a latex allergy.
Examples of latex equipment in anesthesia?
gloves, masks, circuits and bag, ventilator bellows, single stick multidose vials, latex iv injection ports, penrose type tourniquets, blood pressure cuffs, syringe plungers.
What are some betadine allergy considerations?
Betadine skin solution (alternatives available), contrast dye, shellfish.
Which vein carries a lower risk of intravascular catheter related infections?
subclavian
Which catheter selection is best to reduce infection? single or double lumen
single
What are some notable airborne guidelines (there’s like 12)
Place sign outside room. Use n95 mask. Pt in Airborne Isolation Room (AIIR). Postpone surgery if possible. Schedule surgery at later time to avoid infecting other patients and staff.
Is the OR positive or negative pressure?
Positive.
What are two major contact precautions?
- Gown and glove upon entering a room. 2. remove gloves and gown before exiting room. Care must be used to avoid self-contamination when removing PPE.
What are major droplet precautions?
separate patients. one patient per room optimal. Sign outside room for warning. HCW should wear proper PPE. PT should wear mask when transported.
