Physiology lab exam 1

Question 1

Beer’s Law

Answer 1

the amount of light absorbed by a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution

Question 2

Catalase

substrate and product

Answer 2

Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide
substrate - hydrogen peroxide
product - water and molecular oxygen

Question 3

Solution
solute
solvent

Answer 3

solution - solute + solvent
solute- dissolved substance
solvent- the liquid they are dissolved in

Question 4

Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic

hemolysis

Answer 4

hypo- expands
hyper- shrinks
hemolysis - cell pops

Question 5

Reflexes and their nerves

Answer 5

Pattelar reflex - femoral nerve
Achilles reflex- tibial nerve
Biceps reflex- musculocutaneous reflex
Triceps reflex- radial nerve

Question 6

How many synapses for muscle spindle stretch reflex

what is a muscle spindle

Answer 6

One synapse

Muscle spindles regulate muscle strength during movement

Question 7

Is the plantar reflex a spinal reflex?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Normal Plantar reflex vs Babinski sign

Answer 8

Normal- flex the big toe downward and brings the others together
Babinski sign - damage anywhere along the pyramidal tract can cause it, big toe points upward and other toes fan out

Question 9

Referred pain
example
role of somatosensory area

Answer 9

pain that is felt in a diff location from where it occurred
Angina Pectoris - sensation of pain and tightness in the left chest and arm during a heart attack
SA- has a virtual map that identifies locations of sensory inputs in the skin

Question 10

Sensory adaptation

examples

Answer 10

Less action potentials occur 
tonic receptors (slow) - muscle spindle stretch reflex receptors 
Phasic receptors (fast) - pressure and temp receptors

Question 11

Cornea

Iris

Answer 11

C-where light enters they anterior surface of the eye
-helps bend incoming light
I - muscle that dilates of constricts the pupil

Question 12

Accommodation

Answer 12

process of focusing the eye on objects at different distances
structures involved - iris (convex - closer, flatter- distance) ciliary muscle, suspensory ligaments

Question 13

Myopia

tests

Answer 13

Near-sightedness
can focus on close objects but not distance
Snellen eye chart - person with normal vision can read 20/20 line

Question 14

Hyperopia

test

Answer 14

far-sightedness- can focus on distance but not close objects
used a meter and a pencil

Question 15

Emmetropia

Answer 15

normal vision

Question 16

astigmatism

test

Answer 16

the cornea or lens is abnormally shaped so that incoming light rays can not be focused on a single point

Astigmatism Chart- if positive some lines are in focus while others are not

Question 17

Rods and Cones

Answer 17

Rods- found more in peripheral areas of the retina, can not detect color, more sensitive to low light levels
Cones- highest visual acuity, responsible for color vision

Question 18

Central Fovea

Answer 18

highest density of photoreceptors when you focus on an object that incoming light from the object is sharply focused on the central fovea of the retina
contains only cones

Question 19

Extrinsic eye muscles

Answer 19

control the position of the eyes

6 of them

Question 20

Color Vision

Answer 20

each type of cone contains a slightly different photopigment molecule that absorbs light maximally at a diff wave length
Red- long wave length
Blue- short wave length
green - medium wave length

Question 21

When you see a blue square, yellow, white?

Answer 21

blue- green and blue
yellow - red and green
white - rods

Question 22

Red green color blindness

Answer 22

an x linked recessive trait
they are missing either red or blue cones
more likely in males

Question 23

Conduction deafness

Answer 23

sensory apparatus of the cochlea is functional but sound conduction through the external ear or middle ear is impaired
can feel vibrations transmitted through the skull to the inner ear but unable to hear airborne sound

Question 24

Sensory deafness

Answer 24

cochlear hair cells or cochlear nerve are damaged and are unable to transduce sound or transmit sensory signals to the brain

Question 25

Weber’s test

Answer 25

for conduction deafness- sound in effected ear would sound louder cause airborne noise us excluded
Sensory deafness - sound would be heard much less or not at all

Question 26

Simple Squamous Epithelial

Answer 26

Alveoli of lungs, lining of blood vessels

Question 27

Simple cubodial Epithelial

Answer 27

kidney tubules, some glands and ducts

Question 28

Simple Columnar epithelial

Answer 28

lining of stomach, small and large intestines

Question 29

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Answer 29

trachea, bronchi

Question 30

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 30

around many organs, under epithelium mucous membrane

Question 31

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 31

tendons and ligaments

Question 32

compact bone

Answer 32

shaft of long bones