Lecture 3 (Biomolecules) Flashcards
Monomer and polymer of carbohydrates
monomers - monosaccharides
polymer - polysaccharides
monomer and polymer of lipids
monomer - fatty acid
polymer - triglycerides
monomer and polymer of proteins
monomer - amino acids
polymer - polypeptides
monomer and polymer of nucleic acids
monomer - nucleotides
polymer - DNA, RNA
Hydrolysis reactions
break down polymers into monomers (H2O is added)
A-B +H2O –> A - OH + H - B
Dehydration (condensation) reactions
combine monomers into polymers (H2O removed)
Carbohydrates contain? general formula? Polar or non-polar? function/s?
contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen usually in a 1:2:1 ratio
general formula (CH2O)n
polar (contains many -OH groups) soluble in H2O
major energy source for all cells and required by CNS
Monosaccharides
Simple Sugars
Building blocks of polysaccharides and nucleotides
Energy Metabolism
Pentoses and hexoses
Pentose
is a monosaccharide 5 Carbon (C5H12O5) Ribose and deoxyribose
Hexoses
monosaccharide
6 Carbon (C6H12O6)
Glucose, galactose and fructose
Used to make ATP
Disaccharides
2 monomers joined together via dehydration synthesis
maltose = 2 glucose
surcose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose
Lactose = galactose + glucose
Polysaccharides
energy storage
- starch in plants
- glycogen in animals, stored in liver and muscle
Structural polysaccharides (Cellulose, Chitin, GAGs)
Lipids
Functions
Polar or non polar?
mostly non-polar organic molecules
rich in C-H bonds
mostly insoluble in water
Functions: cell membrane, energy reserves, signaling molecules
Classes of lipids
fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholipids Steroids Eicosanoids
Fatty acids
basic building blocks of lipids (monomers)
long chains of hydrocarbons with carboxyl at the end
Saturated fatty acids
contain all c-c single bonds hydrocarbon chains packed closely more solid straight chain (butter, lard, animal fat)
unsaturated fatty acids
contain c=c double bonds forms a kink in the chain making it more lipid and harder to stack (vegetable oil) monounsaturated 1 double bond polyunsaturated 2 or more double bonds