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Physiology > Lecture 4 cells and tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 4 cells and tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Cell structure (3 parts)

A

plasma membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm- cytosol (ICF) + organelles

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2
Q

Plasma membrane structure

Fluid mosaic model

A

lipid bi layer - phospholipids & cholesterol (unsaturated & saturated tails)
Membrane proteins
Carbohydrate group

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3
Q

Membrane proteins

A

trans-membrane proteins
integral proteins
peripheral proteins

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4
Q

Carbohydrate group

A

attached externally to proteins or phospholipids

ex: glycoprotein or glycolipid

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5
Q

Functions of the PM

A

boundary between ICF and ECF
selectively permeable and transport
cellular communication
structural support

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6
Q

Name the basic types of membrane proteins

A

Transport proteins (channels, carriers, pumps)
Receptors
Enzymes
Structural proteins

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7
Q

Channels

A

Ions pass this way
filled with water
passive
quantenary in structure

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8
Q

Carriers

A

binds to molecule and moves it across membrane
no open to both sides at same time
passive

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9
Q

Pumps

A

Active transport
moves against gradient
requires energy
EX: sodium potassium pump

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10
Q

Receptors

A

receive chemical signals

EX: acetylcholine receptors/neuromuscular junction

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11
Q

Enzymes

A

catalyst
speed up chemical reactions
most are proteins
EX: adenylyl cyclase

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12
Q

Structural proteins

A

support and anchor cells
cell junctions
EX: integrin

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13
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

double membrane
pores to allow communication w/ the cytoplasm
passageway for mRNA

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14
Q

Nucleolus

A

contains proteins and DNA

controls synthesis of rRNA

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15
Q

Chromatin

A

loosely packed DNA and proteins

condenses into chromosomes during cell division

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16
Q

Cytoskeleton:

MICROFILAMENTS

A

network just inside of cell membrane

composed of actin

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton:

Microtubules

A

largest cytoskeleton fiber
made of tubulin
have cilia and flagella
vesicle transport

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18
Q

Centrioles

A

made from microtubules
direct DNA movement during cell division
assemble microtubules
form mitotic spindle

19
Q

Ribosomes

A

synthesis of proteins
composed of rRNA and protein
subunits ( 1 large, 1 small)
assembles protein chain

20
Q

Rough ER

A

continuation of outer nuclear membrane
ribosomes on outer membrane
site of protein synthesis (membrane and secretory proteins)

21
Q

Smooth ER

A

lacks ribosomes
synthesis lipids
concentrates and store calcium ions Ca2+

22
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

consists of cisternae
surrounded by vesicles
protein modification and packaging

23
Q

Mitochondria

A

double membrane
2 separate compartments
site of most ATP synthesis in the cell
Where ETC is, aerobic respiration (requires oxygen)
inter membrane space and inner membrane which contains matrix

24
Q

Lysosomes

A

storage vesicles
contain powerful digestive enzymes
role in programmed cell death

25
Q

Peroxisomes

A

contain enzymes that break down fatty acids and some foreign materials
produces hydrogen dioxide
contain catalyst that breaks down hydrogen peroxide

26
Q

Tight Junctions

A

prevent movement and leakage between cells

27
Q

Anchoring junction

A

anchor cells to one another
withstand pulling and stretching
EX: epidermis and cardiac muscle

28
Q

Gap Junctions

A

creates cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent cells
ion channel allow for communication
EX: cardiac muscle

29
Q

Exchange

functional type

A

simple squamous epithelial
alveoli of lungs
endothelium

30
Q

Transporting

FT

A

simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelial
requires a lot of ATP so it needs more cytoplasm
small intestines
renal tubules

31
Q

Ciliated

FT

A

pseudostratified and simple ciliated columnar epithelial
Trachea
uterine tube

32
Q

Protective

FT

A

stratified squamous epithelial and transitional epithelial
skin
esophagus
bladder

33
Q

Secretory

FT

A

glandular

exocrine and endocine glands

34
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue

A

cells scattered in extracellular matrix
vascular
diversity of subtypes

35
Q

components of connective tissue

A

cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, defense cells, tissue specific types)
extracellular matrix = ground substance + protein fibers (collagen, elastic, etc)

36
Q

loose connective tissues

A

areolar CT, adipose tissue, reticular CT

37
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

dense regular CT
dense irregular CT
elastic CT

38
Q

other types of connective tissue

besides loose and dense

A

blood and lymph
cartilage (3 types)
bone tissue

39
Q

Nervous tissue
cells
functions

A 
neurons- functional cells of the nervous system 
excitable cells - produce electrical signals (action potentials)
functions: communicate, control and integration
glial cells (neuroglia) - supporting cells
40
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated

voluntary

41
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated

involuntary

42
Q

smooth muscle

A

non-striated

involuntary

43
Q

properties of muscular tissue

A

contractile - produce force and movement
excitable
elastic

Physiology (33 decks)

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