Lecture 26 Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is essential for cellular function

A

regulation of [H+] of body fluids is essential

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2
Q

what is highly sensitive to [H+]

A

protein structure and function are highly sensitive to [H+] pH= -log [H+]
increase [H+] = decrease pH

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3
Q

Neutral pH

A

7

[H+] = 10(-7) mol/L = 0.0000001 mol/L

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4
Q

Normal pH of ECF

A

is 7.4 slightly alkaline

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5
Q

What is the central acid base system of the body

A

CO2-bicarbonate system

CO2+ H20 -><- H+ + HCO3-
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reaction in both directions

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6
Q

CO2 acts as

A

an acid

increase CO2 -> increase [H+] = decrease pH

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7
Q

HCO3- acts as

A

a base

increase HCO3- -> decrease [H+] = increase pH

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8
Q

Buffers

A

bicarbonate (CO2-bicarbonate system)
proteins (e.g. hemoglobin)
phosphate compounds

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9
Q

Acid-base regulation

A
  1. role of the respiratory system
  2. role of the kidneys
  3. acid-base imbalances
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10
Q

Role of respiratory system

A

respiratory system regulates PCO2 of blood via control of ventilation
decrease VA -> increase PCO2 (hypoventilation) -> decrease pH
increase VA-> decrease PCO2 (hyperventilation) -> increase pH

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11
Q

Role of the kidneys

A

kidneys regulate [HCO3-] of blood via H+ excretion and HCO3- reabsorption
increase [HCO3-] -> increase pH

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12
Q

acidosis

A

pH < 7.35

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13
Q

alkalosis

A

pH > 7.45

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14
Q

respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

A

is deviation from normal pH due to change in PCO2

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15
Q

metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

A

is deviation from normal pH due to change in non-CO2 acids/bases -> results in change in [HCO3-]

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16
Q

Normal arterial values

A
pH = 7.4
PCO2 = 40 mm Hg 
[HCO3-] = 24mM
17
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

pH < 7.35

PCO2 > 40 mm Hg

18
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

pH > 7.45

PCO2 < 40 mm Hg

19
Q

metabolic acidosis

A

pH < 7.35

[HCO3-] < 24 mM

20
Q

metabolic alkalosis

A

pH>7.45

[HCO3-] > 24mM

21
Q

Respiratory compensation

A

can partially offset metabolic acid base disturbances
e.g. metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
pH < 24 mM, PCO2 increase pH)

22
Q

Renal compensation

A

can partially offset respiratory acid base disturbances
e.g. respiratory acidosis with renal compensation
pH < 7.35, PCO2 > 40 mm Hg, [HCO3-] > 24 mM
(increase [HCO3-] -< increase pH)