Physiology Flashcards
Nuclei of the V nerve
- chief sensory-mechanosensation
- mesencephalic-proprioception
- spinal trigemal-pain/proprioception
divisons of the spinal nucleus of the trigeminus
- pars oralis- for reflexes/localization of pain
- pars interpolaris- correction of movements
- pars caudalis - arousal of brain
the external ear is innervated by
V3, XII, IX, X, VII, C2/C3
the middle ear is innervated by
IX X
supratentorium pain is carried by
V1
infratentorium pain is carried by
cervical nerves
triptans are
5-HT1B agonist/1D receptors. They are vasoconstrictors
calcitonin gene related peptide is x during migraine
increased (so its more effective to target 1F 5-HT receptors to control migraine)
where do branches of V exit the skull
v1- superior orbital fissure
v2- foramen rotundum
v3- foramen ovale
spiral/corti’s ganglion is for which CN
VIII
posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by
IX
the periodontal ligament sends fibers to which nucleus
mesencephalic
presbyopia is? What vision does it affect more?
the loss of elasticity of the lens occurring with age. Near vision is more affected
astigmatism is? It is corrected with what kind of len?
is when the eye has 2 focal points, and fix with a cylindrical lens
if the pupil is wide what is your DOF?
it is shallow (no sharp corners/details)
deutranopia? tritanopia? protanopia?
- no green opsin
- no blue opsin
- no red opsin
superior colliculus and vision
for localisation of sound, and to direct head/eye movements.
tectum and vision
for contraction of pupil and iris accomodation
depth perception is understood by
- familiar size
- occlusion
- linear perspective
presbycusis is?
age related hair loss in inner ear. There are 3 types (neuronal, sensory and metabolic). This affects high pitch frequencies more
inability to taste is
hypo/aguesia
what information do zero disparity cells receive? What are the other cells?
images from the same points on the 2 retinas.
Biocular disparity cells
PPV last for? It is due to?
seconds. Due to displacement of otolith organs into semicircular canals. head movements trigger it
meniere’s symptoms last for? It is due to?
there are recurrent episodes lasting hours. Due to increase in endolymph
vestibular neuritis is
sudden monolateral loss of VIII function due to viral infection/vascular disease/trauma. This is usually a single episode
deiters nucleus is for
fibers from the semicircular canals and otolith
→ lateral vestibulospinal tract (mainly with postural reflexes)
EW nucleus is?
parasympathetic control of sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle
vestibulo ocular reflex is
co ordinate eye movements due to changes in head position
opto kinetic reflex is
smooth pursuit and saccade return
sound intensity vs loudness
Sound intensity is the amount of energy carried by sound whereas loudness is a measurement of the audible sound.
the oral phase of swallowing involves what nerves
V IX
esophageal phase use what muscles
bulbar
what muscle is involved in inspiration
posterior cricoarytenoid
what muscle is involved in expiration
thyroarytenoid and the cricothyroid
the laryngeal adductor reflex is
rapid activation of thyroarytenoid muscle, closing the glottis
in response to activation of mechanoreceptors of the laryngeal mucosa
the pharyngo-glottal reflex is
rapid closure of the glottis in response to stimulation of mechanoreceptors
of the posterior wall of the pharynx (glossopharygeal nerve)
