Larynx

Question 1

what are the roles of the larynx

Answer 1

an air passage, a sphincteric device, an organ of phonation, prevention of aspiration

Question 2

what are the positions of the adult and infant larynx

Answer 2

the infant larynx is height of jaw bone, behind the mouth, while the adult larynx descends into the neck

Question 3

what movement of the larynx occurs during an adult swallowing

Answer 3

elevation and move it anteriorly.

Question 4

what happens to the glottis, epiglottis and vocal chords during swallowing?

Answer 4

epiglottis protects lowers airways, vocal chords fold and close the glottis

Question 5

what aids the cough mechanism

Answer 5

the true and false vocal chords

Question 6

why is the oropharynx significant?

Answer 6

it is the crossing of the respiratory and digestive pathways. Air from here enters the laryngeal inlet

Question 7

the larynx cartilages (thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, curniculates, cuneiforms) come from which pharyngeal arches

Answer 7

fourth and sixth

Question 8

list the muscles originating from the fourth arch and are innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 8

crico-thyroideus, levator veli palatini, constrictor muscles of the pharynx

Question 9

which muscles come from the sixth arch and are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 9

intrinsic muscles of the larynx, striated muscle of the esophagous

Question 10

what is the larynx

Answer 10

a fibrocartilagenous canal attached to the hyoid bone, extending from the base of the tongue to the trachea in front of the cervical vertebrae 3 to 6

Question 11

how is the larynx moved

Answer 11

via extrinsic muscles attached to the larynx or the hyoid bone

Question 12

what occurs during swallowing?

Answer 12

the upwards and forwards movement of the larynx closes the laryngeal inlet and opens the esophagous

Question 13

thyroid cartilage is made of

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage

Question 14

epiglottis is made of

Answer 14

elastic cartilage

Question 15

cricoid cartilage is made of

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage

Question 16

arytenoid cartilages are made of

Answer 16

hyaline and elastic cartilage

Question 17

discuss the cricoid cartilage

Answer 17

it is signet ring shaped, the arch is palpable below the laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage, has articular facets

Question 18

what does the cricothyroid/cricovocal ligament/membrane join?

Answer 18

cricoid to thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

Question 19

what is the conus elasticus?

Answer 19

the membranes merging of both the cricothyroid ligaments

Question 20

the conus elacticus is covered by which muscles?

Answer 20

crico-arytenoid and thyro-arytenoid muscles

Question 21

which muscles insert on the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 21

the cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid (internal muscles), and the crico-pharyngeus, part of the inferior constrictor, and esophageal longitudinal fibers (extrinsic muscles)

Question 22

angle between the two thyroid lamina is more/less acute in men

Answer 22

it is more acute in men

Question 23

what muscle attaches at the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 23

the extrinsic muscle of larynx

Question 24

what are the aryepiglottic folds

Answer 24

are quadrangular membrane between the arytenoids and sides of glottis forms the upper portion of the fibro covered by the mucosa

Question 25

vestibular ligament is ?

Answer 25

the inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane form the vestibular ligament. these are the false vocal cords

Question 26

the vocal ligaments are formed from the

Answer 26

vocal folds or vocal chords

Question 27

the ary-epiglottic folds act as

Answer 27

ramparts to the larynx, it sends food to the lateral pharyngeal wall (piriform fossa)

Question 28

what do the aryepiglottic folds connect?

Answer 28

the epiglottic cartilage to the arytenoid bodies posteriorly.

Question 29

where is the quadrangular membrane?

Answer 29

between the arytenoids and sides of the glottis, forms upper portion of the fibroelastic membrane

Question 30

what is the purpose of the crico-thyroid joints?

Answer 30

tilting (it is synovial)

Question 31

what is the purpose of the crico-arytenoid synovial joints

Answer 31

rotation of vocal processes lateraly or medially. and gliding of arytenoids to approach or get away from each other

Question 32

what is the glottis for

Answer 32

sound production

Question 33

what are the functions of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 33

connect larynx to other structures and move larynx vertically during phonation and swallowing

Question 34

what are the functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Answer 34

they are internal and external. change tension of vocal ligaments or chords, vary width of rima glottis, close rima vestibuli, control inner dimension of vestibule, facilitate closing laryngeal inlet

Question 35

function of the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 35

lengthen and tense vocal chords (raise pitch)

Question 36

innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 36

inferior laryngeal branches of the vagus

Question 37

innervation of intrinsic muscles

Answer 37

recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve

Question 38

function of thyro-arytenoid

Answer 38

lower pitch of sound, closes anterior portion of glottis, relax vocal chords

Question 39

function of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle

Answer 39

is a primary abductor of vocal chords. they open the rima glottis.

Question 40

function of lateral crico-arytenoid muscle

Answer 40

adduct vocal chords, close the rima glottis

Question 41

function of transverse arytenoid muscle

Answer 41

adducts the arytenoid cartilages and increases tension of vocal chords

Question 42

function of vocalis muscle

Answer 42

adjust tension in vocal chords

Question 43

cell type of the larynx

Answer 43

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium. NOT THE VOCAL CHORDS

Question 44

cells of the vocal chords

Answer 44

whitish squamous stratified epihelium, no submucosa, no blood vessels.