Physiology 5 - Control of Arterial Blood Pressure (2) Flashcards
What is the total body fluid made up of?
Intracellular fluid (2/3rds) and extracellular fluid (1/3rd)
What makes up the extracellular fluid?
Plasma volume + interstitial fluid volume
What happens if the plasma volume falls?
Compensatory mechanisms shifts fluid from the interstitial compartment to the plasma compartment
What are the 2 main factors that affect extracellular fluid volume?
Water excess or deficitNa+ excess or deficit
How does the body control the extracellular fluid volume (water excess/ deficit and Na+ excess and deficit) therefore controlling MAP? (2)
Hormones act as effectors to regulate the extracellular fluid volume (including plasma volume) by regulating the water and salt balance in our bodiesHealthy people stay in a stable water and salt balance, where water input = water output
What 3 hormones/ systems regulate extracellular fluid volume?
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemAtrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)Antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin) -ADH
What are the 3 important components of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (system helps to regulate plasma volume and TPR ad hence the regulation of MAP)?
ReninAngiotensinAldosterone
Where is renin released?What does it do?
KidneyStimulates the formation of angiotensin I in the blood from angiotensinogen (produced by the liver)
What happens to angiotensin I once it is produced?
It is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) which is produced in the pulmonary vascular endothelium
What does angiotensin II do?
Stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortexCauses vasoconstriction (increases TPR and therefore BP)Causes increased ADH release and increased thirst (Increased plasma volume = increased BP)
When is renin released form the kidney?
When plasma volume drops causing a drop in blood pressure
What effects does aldosterone have?
Causes increased sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneysCauses an increased plasma volumeCauses an increased blood pressure
What is the rate limiting step in the RAAS?
Renin secretion
What 3 factors cause renin release?
Renal artery hypotension (caused by systemic hypotension)Stimulation of renal sympathetic nervesDecreased [Na+] in renal tubular fluid (sensed by macula densa)
what in the renal tubules senses decreased [Na+]?
Macula densa