Pharmacology 5 - Lipid Metabolsim (science only) Flashcards
Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?
Insoluble (or sparingly soluble)
Purpose of lipids?
Essential for membrane biogenesis and membrane integrityEnergy sources, precursors for hormones and signalling molecules
How are non-polar lipids (e.g. cholesterol esters and triglycerides) transported in blood?
Within lipoproteins e.g. high density lipoproteins, low density liporpteins
In terms of HDL and LDL, what is CV disease strongly associated with?
Elevated LDLDecreased HDL
What causes elevated LDL and decreased HDL?
Diet and lifestyle (particularly western)Genetic factors (e.g. familial hypercholestrerolaemia)
What are the 2 parts of a lipoprotein?
Hydrophobic coreHydrophilic coat
What is found within the hydrophobic core of a lipoprotein?
Esterified cholesterol and triglycerides
What is the hydrophilic coat of a lipoprotein composed of?
Monolayer of amphipathic cholesterol, phospholipids and one, or more, apoproteins (apo)
What are the major lipoproteins? (4)
HDL particlesLDL particlesVery-low density lipoprotein particlesChylomicrons
What apoproteins do HDL proteins contain? (2)
apoA1 and apoA2
What apoprotein does LDL particles contain?
apoB-100
What apoprotein does very-low density lipoprotein particles contain?
apB-100
What apoprotein does chylomicrons contain?
apoB-48
What is the purpose of apoB-containing lipoproteins?
Deliver triglycerides to muscle for ATP biogenesis and adipocytes for storage
Where are chylomicrons formed?What do they carry?What is this pathway called?
In intestinal cellsTransport dietary triglyceridesExogenous pathway
Where are VLDL formed?What do they carry?What is this pathway called?
Liver cellsTriglycerides synthesised in that organEndogenous pathway
What are the 3 stages of the life cycle of an ApoB-containing liposome?
AssemblyIntravascualr metabolismReceptor mediated clearance
Where does the majority of the bodies cholesterol come from?
75% = liver25% = diet