Anatomy 1 - Clinical Relevant Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
What makes up the lung root?
Main bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary lymphatic vessels and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
Pulmonary visceral afferents and autonomic motor nerves
Divisions of pericardium
Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium (divided into visceral serious pericardium and parietal serous pericardium)
What is epicardium another name for
Visceral serous pericardium (secretes pericardial fluid)
What happens if pericardial cavity fills with blood?Names
Treatment for this
Where is the needle inserted
Have haemopericardium and leads to a cardiac tamponade
Pericardiocentesis
Infrasternal angle
Transverse pericardial sinus?
Space within the pericardial cavity posterior to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Surfaces of the heart
Anterior (sternocostal) surface
Base (posterior) surface
Inferior (diaphragmatic) surface
What often shifts the apex beat to the left
Cardiomegaly
What vessel sits in the coronary groove (coronary sulcus/ right atrioventricular groove)?What does this groove mark?
Right coronary artery
The division between the right atrium and right ventricle (tricuspid valve)
Is the vagus nerve or phrenic nerve closer to the heart
Vagus nerve
What vessel lies in the anterior interventricular groove?What does this groove indicate?
Left anterior descending artery
Boundary between the 2 ventricles
What sits in the posterior atrioventricular groove?Purpose of this?
Coronary sinus
Receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium
What normally sits in the posterior interventricular groove?
Posterior interventricular artery
Posterior interventircular vein
Where does the azygous vein drain?
SVC
What does the interatrial groove indicate
Boundary between the 2 atria
What does the coronary arteries do?
Provide an arterial blood supply to the myocardium and epicardium (located just deep to the epicardium usually embedded in adipose tissue)
Where do the coronary arteries arise?
From the ascending aorta
What normally forms between the right coronary artery and the circumflex artery
A small anastomose
Grooves of the heart (5)
coronary groove left atrioventricular grove anterior interventricular groove posterior interventiruclar groove interatrial groove
2 parts of the septum?
Interatrial septum (interatrial groove) Interventricular septum (interventricular groove)
Where is the hole in an atrial septal defect and a ventricular septal defect?
interatrial septum
Interventircular spetum
What blood vessels open into the right atrium?
SVC
IVC
coronary sinus
Crista termanalis?
Smooth ridge of muscle in the lateral aspect of the RA which represents the junction between the sinus venosus and the heart
Ovale fossa?
an oval depression on the lower part of the septum of the right atrium; it is a vestige of the foramen ovale, and its floor corresponds to the septum primum of the fetal heart
Tricuspid valve cusps?
Anterior, posterior and septal
Pulmonary valve cusps
Anterior right and left
Aortic valve cusps
Right left and posterior
Mitral cusps
Anterior and posterior
Which valve has sinuses (spaces within he cusps)
Aortic
Which sinuses does the coronary arteries arise from
Right and left aortic sinuses
Parts of tricuspid and mitral valves
valve Leaflets, tendinous cords, papillary muscles
Moderator band?
Other name?
a thick bundle of muscle in the central part of the right ventricle of the heart. Carries fibres of the right bundle branch to the papillary muscle of the anterior cusp
Septomarginal trabercula
What may be visible in the interior of the left atrium
Remainders of the valve of foramen ovale
What neve passes down each side of the pericardium?(as if fused to it)
The phrenic nerves
Are the great vessels located within or out with the pericardium?
The proximal segments are within the pericardium which blends with their adventitia a little further distally
What does the right subclavian vein join with and to form what?
Right subclavian vein joins with the Internal jugular vein to form the left brachiocephalic vein
What joins to for the SVC?
The right brachiocephalic vein and the left brachiocephalic vein
What is the first branch from the arch of the aorta?
The brachiocephalic trunk
What joins to form the brachiocephalic trunk?
The right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery
What is the middle branch from the arch of the aorta?
The left common carotid artery
What is the 3rd branch from the arch of the aorta?
The left subclavian artery
What is the name of the 2 left pulmonary veins?
Superior and inferior left pulmonary veins
Look at blood vessels coming from the heart diagrams
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What are the 2 named branches from the right coronary artery?
Right marginal arteryPosterior interventricular artery
Describe the coronary arteries on the left side of the heart?
Left (main stem) coronary artery branches from the ascending aorta
The most medial branch from this is the LAD (anterior inter ventricular artery) and from this branches the lateral (diagonal) branch
Left marginal artery also branches from the left coronary artery as well as the circumflex artery
Auscultation site of the aortic valve?
2nd right intercostal space sternal edge
Auscultation site of pulmonary valve?
2nd left intercostal space sternal edge
Auscultation site for tricuspid valve?
Left lower sternal edge
Auscultation site for mitral valve
5th left intercostal space midclavicular line
