Physiology 3 - The Cardiac Cycle Flashcards
What are the events during the cardiac cycle?
- Passive Filling2. Atrial Contraction3. Isovolumetric ventricular Contraction4. Ventricular Ejection5. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
What happens during passive filling?
The pressure in the atria and ventricles is close to 0.AV valves open so that venous return flows into the ventricles.
What causes the flow of blood during passive filling?
A small pressure gradient.
What is the pressure in the aorta during passive filling?Is the aortic valve open?
80mmHgNo
How full, roughly, do the ventricles become during passive filling?
About 80% full.
What happens during atrial contraction?
The atrias contract completing the end diastolic volume
What does the P wave in the ECG signal?
Atrial depolarisation
What happens between the P wave and the QRS complex?
Atrial contraction
What is the end diastolic volume in a resting normal adult?
approx .130ml
When does ventricular contraction start?
After the QRS complex
When do the AV valves shut?What does this produce
When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressureS1
Why is phase 3 called isovolumetric ventricular contraction?
The tension rises around a closed volume
When does the aortic/ pulmonary valves open?
When the ventricular pressure exceeds the aortic/ pulmonary pressure
What is ejected during ventricular ejection?
Stroke volume
SV=? (equation + values)
SV = EDV - ESV = 135 - 65 = 70ml
T wave represents?
Ventricular repolarisation
When does the aortic/ pulmonary valves shut?What does the produce?
When the ventricular pressure falls below aortic/ pulmonary pressureS2
What signals the start of isovolumetric ventricular relaxation?
Closure of the aortic/ and pulmonary valves
Why is stage 5 called isovolumetric ventricular relaxation/
The tension falls around a closed box
When does the heart start a new cycle?
When the ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure causing the AV valve to open
What does S1 signal?
The start of systole (closure of mitral and tricuspid valves)
What does S2 signal?
The end of systole and beginning of diastole (closure of aortic and pulmonary valves)
What is the JVP an indirect measure of?How does this work?
The pressure in the right atriumThe jugular vein becomes the SVC which connects to the right atrium meaning any changes in the RA will be reflected in the JVP