Physiology 3

Question 1

which area is the beginning of fecal storage

Answer 1

descending colon

Question 2

Nutrients Absorption vitamins A and D, water-soluble vitamins like folic acid, Divalent ions(Ca++, Mg++, Fe++ Cu, Zn++)

Answer 2

jejunum

Question 3

Water, Food , Digestive Juices and Electrolytes Na+ Cl-

Answer 3

horizontal colon, ascending colon

Question 4

difference and similarity between long and short pathway

Answer 4

both invole the activation of hormonal pathaways, the difference is whether the preceeding neural activation is of the CNS or the enteric nervous system

Question 5

name the two enzymes present in saliva, and which one is sustained through the acidity of the stomach

Answer 5

salivary lipase and amylase, lipase lives in low pHs

Question 6

amylase digests ____whilst lipase digests _______

Answer 6

cabrs, lipids

Question 7

thicke secretion rich in proteins is a result of the stimulation of which component of the nervous system

Answer 7

sympathetic

Question 8

an increase in parasympathetic stimulation stimulates __________to secrete_______which influences _______to secrete ________

Answer 8

G cells, gastrin, pariteal and chief cells, acid and pepsinogen

Question 9

there are 3 phases of gastric secretion, quantify the amount of gastric secretions in each state

Answer 9

40% -cephalic, 50% gastric, 10% intestinal

Question 10

enzymes produes by the chied cells

Answer 10

pepsin, gastric lipase

Question 11

what increases the motility and juice secretion in the stomach

Answer 11

parasympatheitc response, distention and presence of nutrients

Question 12

HCL is secreted by the

Answer 12

parietal cells

Question 13

pepsinogen is secreted by the

Answer 13

secreting chief cells

Question 14

which substance cleaves pepsinogen int opepsin

Answer 14

hCL and the already activated pesin

Question 15

which substances are secreted by acinar and duct cells?

Answer 15

acinar –> pancreatic enzymes duct cells –> NaHCO3

Question 16

how are pancreatic enzyms stored and how are they secreted

Answer 16

stored in zymogen granules, secreted by exocytosis

Question 17

which substance cleaves trypsinogen to trypsin

Answer 17

enterokinase present in the DUODENUM

Question 18

which substance cleaves chymotrypsin into chymotrypsin

Answer 18

trypsin

Question 19

which substance cleaves procarbozypeptidsaase into carboxypeptidease

Answer 19

chympotrypsin

Question 20

trypsinogen, chymotrypsin, and procarboxypeptidase is secreted by

Answer 20

the pancreaaaaas

Question 21

name the stimulus required for thesecretion of HCO3 and the processes that follow

Answer 21

aacid in duodenum –> secretin by duodenal muscoa –>NaHCO3 by pancreatic duct cells

Question 22

name the stimulus required for the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the processes that follow

Answer 22

fat, protein in the duodenum –> secretion of CCK by duodneal mucosa –> pancreatic acinar cells secrete enzymes

Question 23

name the enzymes that the duodenum secretes

Answer 23

peptidases/dipeptidases, disaccharidsase (maltase, sucraase, lactase), intestinal lipase

Question 24

where does the last step of disgestion occur

Answer 24

the duogenum

Question 25

Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion

Gallbladder contraction and sphincter of Oddi relaxation

Answer 25

CCK

Question 26

Bicarbonate ion secretion (pancreas) - Bile secretion

Answer 26

secretin

Question 27

monovalent ions are absorbed in the

Answer 27

colon

Question 28

the absorptive machinery of the gut

Answer 28

jejunum-ileum

Question 29

the back and forth mixing movement in the small intestine is known as

Answer 29

segmentation

Question 30

salivary amylase converts glycoegen into

Answer 30

maltose

Question 31

state the basic units make up lactose, latose, and sucrose

Answer 31

lactose = galactose, glucose, maltose = glu, glu sucroase = glucose, fructose

Question 32

Where is GLUT5 present and what is its fucntion

Answer 32

passive fructose absorption, its present on the apical surfae of the intestinal cell

Question 33

name the channel required for the glucose/galactose absorption from the apical side of the intestinal cell

Answer 33

SGLT

Question 34

where is GLUT2 present, and whats its function

Answer 34

basolateral side of the intestinal cell, it allows the PASSIVE diffusion of glucose/galactose/fructose

Question 35

small peptides are broken down in the brush border of the small intestine byyy (inside the cell )

Answer 35

aminopeptidases/intracellular peptidases

Question 36

name the transporters invovled in the transport of amino acids and small peptides

Answer 36

Na-amino acid symport, hydorgen small peptide symport