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GI > Epidemic gastroenteritis and travelers diarrhea > Flashcards

Epidemic gastroenteritis and travelers diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in developed and developing countries

A

viruses

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2
Q

most common route for gastroenteritis transmission

A

fecal oral route

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3
Q

whats the most important factors that renders infants more pron to gastroenteritis

A

lack of speicific immunity

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4
Q

toxin production leads to which type of diarrhea

A

secretory

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5
Q

bacterial adherence leads to which type of diarrrhea

A

osmotic

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6
Q

name the bacteria that invades and causes gastroenteritis

A

shigella

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7
Q

state the age of this pathology usually manifests in, blood stool, account for 10-20% of causes of gastrogenteritis

A

> 2 years old

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8
Q

70-90% of gastroenteritis is _________

A

viral bitch

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9
Q

most common cause of acute gastroeneteritis

A

rotaviruus

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10
Q

highest indicence and incubation for rota virus

A

6months to 2 y, incubation:2 days

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11
Q

most commonly isolated bacterial fecal pathogen

A

campylobacter jejuni

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12
Q

curved, common in summer, affects large bowel, mimics appendicitis, state the type of diarrhea and the name of the organism

A

campylobacter jejuni, grossly bloody diarrhea

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13
Q

Toxin similar to cholera
Watery, large volume diarrhea

A

enterotoxigenic E coli

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14
Q

Infects and disrupts enterocytes
Musty smelling stool w/o blood or mucous

A

enteropathogenic E coli

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15
Q

E coli similar to shigella

A

enteroinvasive

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16
Q

Cytoxins result in destruction of enterocytes
Bloody diarrhea
O157:H7 subclass associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia,
fever)
_

A

enterohemorrhagic E coli

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17
Q

non lactose fermenting motile gram negative rods, osteomylitis

A

salmonella

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18
Q

common in the fall, nonmotile agnr, NON LACTOSE FERMENTING, complicatioons includetoxic megacolon, cholestatic hepatitis, HUS, Reiter syndrome, seizures. State the smell of this stool, which part of the bowel it invades

A

large bowel invasion, fruity or vinegary stool smell

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19
Q

treatment of shigella

A

ceftriaxone

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20
Q

motile gram negative coocobacillius, mimics appendicitis, affcts the small bowel

A

yersinia enterocolitica

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21
Q

uncooked crustaceans, mollusks

A

V cholera

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22
Q

Ingestion of infected cysts resulting in loose, bloody, mucoid diarrhea
Ð May be complicated by hepatic abscess

A

entomeba histolytica

23
Q

contaminated freseh water streams, higher risk for severe disease with IgA deficiey or cystic fibrosis. How is this diagnosid

A

direct inspection of stool or ELISA , giardia lamblia is isolated

24
Q

complication of rotavirus vaccine

A

intussesption

25
Q

enteric fever affects which part of the bowele and mention what is seen on stool examination, and the mechanism

A

distal small bowel, fecal mononuclear leukocyte, penetration

26
Q

Dysentry affects which part of the bowele and mention what is seen on stool examination, and the mechanism

A

colon, fecal neutrophil, increase lactoferrin, invasion/cytotoxin

27
Q

watery diarrhea affects which part of the bowele and mention what is seen on stool examination, and the mechanism

A

proximal small bowel, mild or no increase lactogerrin, no leukocytes, noninflamatory enteortoxin/adherence

28
Q

the following are the most common causes of _________________: (ETEC,EPEC,EAEC) ,Norwalk,Giardia,Staphaur eus,Cl.perfringes.

Shigella,E.coli(EIEC ,EHEC) Salmonella enteritidis,Cl.deffic ile,E.histolytica.

A

dysentery

29
Q

commenest cause of food posioning is

A

staph aureus

30
Q

food-borne disease outbreak is defined by the following 2 criteria:

A
  1. Similar illness, often GI, in a minimum of 2 people
  2. Evidence of food as the source
31
Q

noninflammatory type of food posioning acts without invasion through secretory mechanisms. Example of organisms

A

Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxic E coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus,Staphylococcus organisms , Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus.

32
Q

food posioning can either be inflammatory or noninflammatory, which of the preceding is more likely to be associated with dehyrations

A

noninflammatory

33
Q

examples of inflammatory causes of food positioning

A

Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, enterohemorrhagic and enteroinvasive E coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Clostridium difficile, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella and Shigella.

34
Q

Proctitis syndrome (painful bowel
movements containing blood, pus, and
mucus)

A

shigellosis

35
Q

vomitting, think of

A

staph a, NOROVIRUS

36
Q

bloating, think of

A

giardiasis

37
Q

produse rice-water stool

A

cholera

38
Q

reactive arthritis, think of

A

salmonerla, shigella, campylobacter and yersinia

39
Q

undercooked meat

A

salmonella/ shiga toxin of E coli

40
Q

unpasteurized soft cheese

A

salmonella, campylobacter

41
Q

homemade canned food

A

C botulinum

42
Q

raw seafood

A

Norwalk-like virus
, Vibrio or
hepatitis A.

43
Q

which type of E coli is treated with cipro

A

enteroaggressive E coli

44
Q

90% of are asymptomatic, liver abscesses, workup includes, treatment includes

A

colonscopy w/ biospy. Treatment: paromomycin + metronidazole

45
Q

initial test in Gardia lamblia, where is it in highest concentration

A

stool enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, highest conc in distal duodenum, proximal jejum

46
Q

treatment of G lamblia

A

metronidazle

47
Q

when do u do blood culture

A

pt is notably febrile

48
Q

if patients have fever or symptoms persisting for longer than 3-4 days.

A

stool culture

49
Q

help to differentiate invasive disease from noninvasive disease.

A

Gram staining and Loeffler methylene blue staining of the stool for WBCs

50
Q

3 main strains that cause travelers diarrhea

A

OHK

51
Q

pt going to mexico/ morroco/ thialand, which drug prophylaxis is recommended

A

azithromycin

52
Q

“Inflammation of the stomach and intestine, of

viral origin”

A

epidemic gastroenteritis

53
Q

how long within the patients recovery is needed to rule an epidemic gastroenteritis

A

within 10 days

GI (14 decks)

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