Epidemic gastroenteritis and travelers diarrhea

Question 1

most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in developed and developing countries

Answer 1

viruses

Question 2

most common route for gastroenteritis transmission

Answer 2

fecal oral route

Question 3

whats the most important factors that renders infants more pron to gastroenteritis

Answer 3

lack of speicific immunity

Question 4

toxin production leads to which type of diarrhea

Answer 4

secretory

Question 5

bacterial adherence leads to which type of diarrrhea

Answer 5

osmotic

Question 6

name the bacteria that invades and causes gastroenteritis

Answer 6

shigella

Question 7

state the age of this pathology usually manifests in, blood stool, account for 10-20% of causes of gastrogenteritis

Answer 7

> 2 years old

Question 8

70-90% of gastroenteritis is _________

Answer 8

viral bitch

Question 9

most common cause of acute gastroeneteritis

Answer 9

rotaviruus

Question 10

highest indicence and incubation for rota virus

Answer 10

6months to 2 y, incubation:2 days

Question 11

most commonly isolated bacterial fecal pathogen

Answer 11

campylobacter jejuni

Question 12

curved, common in summer, affects large bowel, mimics appendicitis, state the type of diarrhea and the name of the organism

Answer 12

campylobacter jejuni, grossly bloody diarrhea

Question 13

Toxin similar to cholera
Watery, large volume diarrhea

Answer 13

enterotoxigenic E coli

Question 14

Infects and disrupts enterocytes
Musty smelling stool w/o blood or mucous

Answer 14

enteropathogenic E coli

Question 15

E coli similar to shigella

Answer 15

enteroinvasive

Question 16

Cytoxins result in destruction of enterocytes
Bloody diarrhea
O157:H7 subclass associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia,
fever)
_

Answer 16

enterohemorrhagic E coli

Question 17

non lactose fermenting motile gram negative rods, osteomylitis

Answer 17

salmonella

Question 18

common in the fall, nonmotile agnr, NON LACTOSE FERMENTING, complicatioons includetoxic megacolon, cholestatic hepatitis, HUS, Reiter syndrome, seizures. State the smell of this stool, which part of the bowel it invades

Answer 18

large bowel invasion, fruity or vinegary stool smell

Question 19

treatment of shigella

Answer 19

ceftriaxone

Question 20

motile gram negative coocobacillius, mimics appendicitis, affcts the small bowel

Answer 20

yersinia enterocolitica

Question 21

uncooked crustaceans, mollusks

Answer 21

V cholera

Question 22

Ingestion of infected cysts resulting in loose, bloody, mucoid diarrhea
Ð May be complicated by hepatic abscess

Answer 22

entomeba histolytica

Question 23

contaminated freseh water streams, higher risk for severe disease with IgA deficiey or cystic fibrosis. How is this diagnosid

Answer 23

direct inspection of stool or ELISA , giardia lamblia is isolated

Question 24

complication of rotavirus vaccine

Answer 24

intussesption

Question 25

enteric fever affects which part of the bowele and mention what is seen on stool examination, and the mechanism

Answer 25

distal small bowel, fecal mononuclear leukocyte, penetration

Question 26

Dysentry affects which part of the bowele and mention what is seen on stool examination, and the mechanism

Answer 26

colon, fecal neutrophil, increase lactoferrin, invasion/cytotoxin

Question 27

watery diarrhea affects which part of the bowele and mention what is seen on stool examination, and the mechanism

Answer 27

proximal small bowel, mild or no increase lactogerrin, no leukocytes, noninflamatory enteortoxin/adherence

Question 28

the following are the most common causes of _________________: (ETEC,EPEC,EAEC) ,Norwalk,Giardia,Staphaur eus,Cl.perfringes. Shigella,E.coli(EIEC ,EHEC) Salmonella enteritidis,Cl.deffic ile,E.histolytica.

Answer 28

dysentery

Question 29

commenest cause of food posioning is

Answer 29

staph aureus

Question 30

food-borne disease outbreak is defined by the following 2 criteria:

Answer 30

1. Similar illness, often GI, in a minimum of 2 people 2. Evidence of food as the source

Question 31

noninflammatory type of food posioning acts without invasion through secretory mechanisms. Example of organisms

Answer 31

Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxic E coli, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus,Staphylococcus organisms , Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus.

Question 32

food posioning can either be inflammatory or noninflammatory, which of the preceding is more likely to be associated with dehyrations

Answer 32

noninflammatory

Question 33

examples of inflammatory causes of food positioning

Answer 33

Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, enterohemorrhagic and enteroinvasive E coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Clostridium difficile, Entamoeba histolytica, Salmonella and Shigella.

Question 34

Proctitis syndrome (painful bowel movements containing blood, pus, and mucus)

Answer 34

shigellosis

Question 35

vomitting, think of

Answer 35

staph a, NOROVIRUS

Question 36

bloating, think of

Answer 36

giardiasis

Question 37

produse rice-water stool

Answer 37

cholera

Question 38

reactive arthritis, think of

Answer 38

salmonerla, shigella, campylobacter and yersinia

Question 39

undercooked meat

Answer 39

salmonella/ shiga toxin of E coli

Question 40

unpasteurized soft cheese

Answer 40

salmonella, campylobacter

Question 41

homemade canned food

Answer 41

C botulinum

Question 42

raw seafood

Answer 42

Norwalk-like virus , Vibrio or hepatitis A.

Question 43

which type of E coli is treated with cipro

Answer 43

enteroaggressive E coli

Question 44

90% of are asymptomatic, liver abscesses, workup includes, treatment includes

Answer 44

colonscopy w/ biospy. Treatment: paromomycin + metronidazole

Question 45

initial test in Gardia lamblia, where is it in highest concentration

Answer 45

stool enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, highest conc in distal duodenum, proximal jejum

Question 46

treatment of G lamblia

Answer 46

metronidazle

Question 47

when do u do blood culture

Answer 47

pt is notably febrile

Question 48

if patients have fever or symptoms persisting for longer than 3-4 days.

Answer 48

stool culture

Question 49

help to differentiate invasive disease from noninvasive disease.

Answer 49

Gram staining and Loeffler methylene blue staining of the stool for WBCs

Question 50

3 main strains that cause travelers diarrhea

Answer 50

OHK

Question 51

pt going to mexico/ morroco/ thialand, which drug prophylaxis is recommended

Answer 51

azithromycin

Question 52

"Inflammation of the stomach and intestine, of | viral origin"

Answer 52

epidemic gastroenteritis

Question 53

how long within the patients recovery is needed to rule an epidemic gastroenteritis

Answer 53

within 10 days