Physiology 2

Question 1

TQ: Axons of which cells make up the optic nerve?

Answer 1

Ganglion cells

Question 2

TQ: The inability of the stria vascularis to conduct K+ ions into the external fluid is the most common cause of _____.

Answer 2

Congenital deafness

Question 3

TQ: What causes depolarization of hair cells?

Answer 3

Bending of hair cell causing K+ channels to open

Question 4

TQ: Fibers outside the muscle spindle that have alpha motor neurons are _____, while fibers inside the muscle spindle that have gamma more neurons are _____.

Answer 4

Extrafusal

Intrafusal

Question 5

TQ: Lesions of which nuclei cause trunk ataxia?

Answer 5

Fastigial nuclei

Question 6

TQ: What cells are the ONLY output from the cortex (cerebellar)?

Answer 6

Purkinje cells

Question 7

TQ: What is a principal area of the brain that affects body temperature?

Answer 7

Anterior hypothalamic pre-optic area

Question 8

TQ: Where is the primary motor area for shivering located?

Answer 8

Dorsomedial portion of posterior hypothalamux

Question 9

TQ: The level at which sweating begins or shivering begins is called the _____.

Answer 9

Set-point

Question 10

TQ: What is the primary physiological mechanism that alters the set-point?

Answer 10

Skin temperature changes

Question 11

People on serotonin reuptake inhibitors may experience decreased GI motility due to effects on the _____ plexus.

Answer 11

Myenteric

Question 12

Spike potentials occur automatically when GI smooth muscle becomes more positive than ___mV.

Answer 12

-40mV

Question 13

TQ: What are the 3 GI reflexes that go from the gut to the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia and then back to the GI tract?

Answer 13

Gastrocolic
Enterogastric
Colonoileal

Question 14

TQ: What is the major rate-limiting factor for almost all energy metabolism of the body?

Answer 14

ADP

Question 15

What organ has high blood flow and low vascular resistance?

Answer 15

Liver

Question 16

Which lipoprotein has the highest concentration of cholesterol?

Answer 16

LDLs

Question 17

What carries Fe through the blood?

Answer 17

Transferrin

Question 18

What is used as a carrier molecule into the cell for beta-oxidation?

Answer 18

Carnitine

Question 19

What vitamins does the liver store?

Answer 19

A, D, B12

Question 20

The ammonia + CO2 and carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine portions of the urea cycle occur where?

Answer 20

Mitochondria

Question 21

What is the major hormonal product of iodine metabolism?

Answer 21

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 22

T/F: Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have receptor proteins for binding PTH.

Answer 22

False, Osteoblasts and osteocytes

Question 23

PTH causes increased renal tubular reabsorption of _____ ions.

Answer 23

Ca++

Question 24

T/F: Only granulosa cells have binding sites for FSH.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What triggers ovulation?

Answer 25

LH increase 24 hours prior to ovulation

Question 26

What do interstitial cells of leydig create?

Answer 26

Testosterone

Question 27

What is the mean diffusion gradient pressure across the placenta?

Answer 27

20 mmHg

Question 28

Fact: The anterolateral spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature.

Answer 28

:)

Question 29

Fact: The medial lemniscus system carries two-point sensation, pressure, and vibration.

Answer 29

;)

Question 30

Which fibers are unmyelinated and carry slow chronic pain, itch, temperature, and crude touch?

Answer 30

Type C fibers

Question 31

What is involved in coordination of skilled movement and speech?

Answer 31

Cerebrocerebellum

Question 32

Slow waves are caused by interstitial cells of _____.

Answer 32

Cajal