Physiology 2 Flashcards
TQ: Axons of which cells make up the optic nerve?
Ganglion cells
TQ: The inability of the stria vascularis to conduct K+ ions into the external fluid is the most common cause of _____.
Congenital deafness
TQ: What causes depolarization of hair cells?
Bending of hair cell causing K+ channels to open
TQ: Fibers outside the muscle spindle that have alpha motor neurons are _____, while fibers inside the muscle spindle that have gamma more neurons are _____.
Extrafusal
Intrafusal
TQ: Lesions of which nuclei cause trunk ataxia?
Fastigial nuclei
TQ: What cells are the ONLY output from the cortex (cerebellar)?
Purkinje cells
TQ: What is a principal area of the brain that affects body temperature?
Anterior hypothalamic pre-optic area
TQ: Where is the primary motor area for shivering located?
Dorsomedial portion of posterior hypothalamux
TQ: The level at which sweating begins or shivering begins is called the _____.
Set-point
TQ: What is the primary physiological mechanism that alters the set-point?
Skin temperature changes
People on serotonin reuptake inhibitors may experience decreased GI motility due to effects on the _____ plexus.
Myenteric
Spike potentials occur automatically when GI smooth muscle becomes more positive than ___mV.
-40mV
TQ: What are the 3 GI reflexes that go from the gut to the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia and then back to the GI tract?
Gastrocolic
Enterogastric
Colonoileal
TQ: What is the major rate-limiting factor for almost all energy metabolism of the body?
ADP
What organ has high blood flow and low vascular resistance?
Liver
Which lipoprotein has the highest concentration of cholesterol?
LDLs
What carries Fe through the blood?
Transferrin
What is used as a carrier molecule into the cell for beta-oxidation?
Carnitine
What vitamins does the liver store?
A, D, B12
The ammonia + CO2 and carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine portions of the urea cycle occur where?
Mitochondria
What is the major hormonal product of iodine metabolism?
Thyroxine (T4)
T/F: Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have receptor proteins for binding PTH.
False, Osteoblasts and osteocytes
PTH causes increased renal tubular reabsorption of _____ ions.
Ca++
T/F: Only granulosa cells have binding sites for FSH.
True
