Embryology Flashcards
T/F: Corona radiata is penetrated before the Zona pellucida.
True
What is the major enzyme in the acrosome used to break down the matrix between corona radiata cells?
Hyaluronidase
What serine proteinase is the most important enzyme involved in penetration of the zona pellucida?
Acrosin
What are 2 major examples of homeobox-containing genes?
Hox and Shh
If there is an error in the cranio-caudal segmentation of development, it is due to an error in what type of gene?
Hox gene
What cells undergo shape changes due to microfilaments during gastrulation to make a bulge in the cytoplasm?
Bottle cells
Wnt-1 & FGF-8 are involved with which neural tube organizing segment?
Isthmic organizer
Shh & FGF-8 are involved with which neural tube organizing segment?
Anterior neural ridge
Shh is involved with which neural tube organizing segment?
Zona limitans
What extraembryonic tissues make up the fetal-maternal interface?
Placenta and chorion
Oocytes resume meiosis until _____ _____ after puberty.
Second metaphase
What is the term for uterine glands providing food for fetus during the first trimester?
Histiotrophic nutrition
What part of the allantois is associated with the formation of the urinary bladder?
Urachus
What signifies the tertiary villous stage of placental development?
Blood vessels
An example of defective fields in developmental disturbances is _____.
Sirenomeila
What is the term for absence of normal cell death?
Syndactyly
What are the occipital-cervical, cervical-thoracic, and attached-floating rib boundaries in Hox gene development?
Occipital-cervical: Hox3
Cervical-thoracic: Hox6
Attached-floating: Hox9
The formation of sarcomeres is a characterization of what skeletal muscle tissue?
Myotubes
In neural tube proliferation, mitosis occurs on the _____ side and DNA replication occurs on the _____ side.
Luminal
External limiting membrane
Transplanted thoracic neural crest cells in the head region cannot form _____ or _____ elements.
Cartilage or skeletal
What is the main component of the lower jaw and includes the malleus and incus?
Meckel’s cartilage (1st pharyngeal arch, CN V)
The stapes is associated with what cartilage?
Reichert’s cartilage
The external auditory meatus comes from the _____.
1st pharyngeal groove
The cervical sinus comes from the _____.
2nd & 3rd pharyngeal grooves
What is the first kidney to develop?
Pronephric kidney
T/F: The pronephric duct will be renamed the mesonephric duct.
True
What is the functional kidney in most vertebrate embryos?
Mesonephros
T/F: SRY gene causes Sertoli cells to secrete Mullerian inhibitory factor.
True
What pair of aortic arches form the internal carotids?
3rd pair
What pair of aortic arches form the “true” aortic arch?
Left 4th arch
The foramen ovale is formed within the _____ _____.
Septum secundum
