Molecular: White Flashcards
What modules must transcription factors have?
DNA binding module
Activation module
What are the 4 types of DNA binding domain structural motifs?
Helix-turn-Helix
Zn-finger
Leucine zipper
Helix-loop-Helix
What do methylation and genomic imprinting do?
Determine which genes form mom and dad get expressed
How does X-chromosome inactivation work?
Silences one X chromosome to even things out
How is a Cdk/cyclin complex activated?
Cyclin binds to Cdk causing T-loop to move out of cave site.
Phosphorylation at T-loop activates complex
What are the 4 factors that regulate Cdk/cyclin activity?
Wee1
Cdc25
CKI
APC/C
What does Wee1 do?
Phosphorylates roof site of Cdk inactivating it.
What does Cdc25 do?
Dephosphorylates roof site, activating Cdk
What does CKI do?
Its an inhibitory protein that binds to Cdk/cyclin complex
What does APC/C do?
Creates polyubiquitin chain to degrade cyclin
What activates APC/C to complete mitosis?
M-Cdk
What are the 3 chromosome movement forces?
Depolymerization
Microtubule Flux
Polar Ejection
How does the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis work?
Cytochrome C released from mitochondria binds to Apaf1 and forms apoptosome
What is the role of BH123 in apoptosis?
Aggregates on outer membrane of mitochondria inducing release of cytochrome C
What is the role of Bcl2 in apoptosis?
Prevents aggregation of BH123 and release of cytochrome C
What is the role of BH3 in apoptosis?
BH3 inactivates Bcl2
What is the role of IAPs and Anti-IAPs in apoptosis?
IAPs-Bind to caspases preventing their activation after they have been cleaved
Anti-IAPs-Neutralize IAPs and free caspases to become active
What is the term for a single mutation event that activates a gene causing proliferation?
Oncogene
What is the term for a mutation event where a single gene mutation has no effect but a second mutation causes problems?
Tumor Suppressor Gene
What is the difference between familial and sporadic Rb?
Familial: already born with 1 bad gene
Sporadic: born with 2 normal genes
