Biochemistry Flashcards
Homologs with identical or very similar functions in different species are called _____.
Orthologs
Homologs with different functions within one species are called _____.
Paralogs
Urea and Guanidinium chloride are what type of agents?
Chaotropic agents
How do reducing agents act on proteins?
Break disulfide bonds
What has a porphyrin ring, 4 Fe2+ molecules, & ability to carry 4 oxygen molecules?
Heme
Nonsuperimposable mirror images are what type of stereoisomers?
Enantiomers (D/L-glyceraldehyde)
What are the 2 types of diastereoisomers?
Epimers and Anomers
What type of diastereoisomers differ at one of several asymmetric carbons?
Epimers (D-glucose, D-mannose)
What type of diastereoisomers differ at new asymmetric carbon upon ring closure?
Anomers (alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-glucose)
T/F: Sucrose is an alpha-1, beta-2 linkage.
True
T/F: Lactose is a beta-1, alpha-4 linkage.
True
T/F: Starches are unbranched or distantly branched while Glycogen has a branch every 10 amino acids.
True
What type of proteins are permanently stuck to the membrane?
Integral proteins
A coenzyme and metal are types of _____.
Cofactors
What is the committed step of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase enzyme step
What step in glycolysis is irreversible?
Conversion of pyruvate via pyruvate kinase
T/F: Glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase are reversible steps in gluconeogenesis.
False, irreversible
Why is UTP used?
High energy molecule
In pyruvate dehydrogenase, E1, E2, and E3 are associated with which prosthetic groups?
E1: TPP
E2: Lipoamide
E3: FAD
What are the 3 ketone bodies?
D-3-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate, and Acetone
What is one of the major steps in the synthesis of fatty acids?
Conversion of Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA
