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Comprehensive Review > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Homologs with identical or very similar functions in different species are called _____.

A

Orthologs

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2
Q

Homologs with different functions within one species are called _____.

A

Paralogs

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3
Q

Urea and Guanidinium chloride are what type of agents?

A

Chaotropic agents

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4
Q

How do reducing agents act on proteins?

A

Break disulfide bonds

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5
Q

What has a porphyrin ring, 4 Fe2+ molecules, & ability to carry 4 oxygen molecules?

A

Heme

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6
Q

Nonsuperimposable mirror images are what type of stereoisomers?

A

Enantiomers (D/L-glyceraldehyde)

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of diastereoisomers?

A

Epimers and Anomers

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8
Q

What type of diastereoisomers differ at one of several asymmetric carbons?

A

Epimers (D-glucose, D-mannose)

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9
Q

What type of diastereoisomers differ at new asymmetric carbon upon ring closure?

A

Anomers (alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-glucose)

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10
Q

T/F: Sucrose is an alpha-1, beta-2 linkage.

A

True

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11
Q

T/F: Lactose is a beta-1, alpha-4 linkage.

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: Starches are unbranched or distantly branched while Glycogen has a branch every 10 amino acids.

A

True

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13
Q

What type of proteins are permanently stuck to the membrane?

A

Integral proteins

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14
Q

A coenzyme and metal are types of _____.

A

Cofactors

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15
Q

What is the committed step of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase enzyme step

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16
Q

What step in glycolysis is irreversible?

A

Conversion of pyruvate via pyruvate kinase

17
Q

T/F: Glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase are reversible steps in gluconeogenesis.

A

False, irreversible

18
Q

Why is UTP used?

A

High energy molecule

19
Q

In pyruvate dehydrogenase, E1, E2, and E3 are associated with which prosthetic groups?

A

E1: TPP
E2: Lipoamide
E3: FAD

20
Q

What are the 3 ketone bodies?

A

D-3-Hydroxybutyrate, Acetoacetate, and Acetone

21
Q

What is one of the major steps in the synthesis of fatty acids?

A

Conversion of Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA

Comprehensive Review (11 decks)

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