Epidemiology Flashcards
What type of randomization has multiple randomizations into 2 or more groups, which are then subdivided into more groups?
Factorial Randomization
What type of randomization has multiple randomizations, but the subjects must stay in their assigned group; no switching
Parallel Randomization
What type of randomization has groups serve as their own controls by switching from one intervention to another during the study?
Crossing-over Randomization
What is single-blind blinding?
Subjects don’t know,Researchers do know
What is double-blind blinding?
No one knows
What is open-label blinding?
Everyone knows
What is placebo therapy (dummy therapy)?
Fake treatment made to look like real treatment
What is double-dummy therapy?
Where there is more than 1 placebo used
What is the placebo effect?
Improvement in condition by power of suggestion
What is the hawthorne effect?
Patients are eager to please the researchers
What is a run-in/lead-in phase?
All patients given placebo to establish baseline/standardization
What type of randomization has 1 randomization into 2 or more groups and is used to test a single hypothesis?
Simple Randomization
What type of study is observational, analytical, and allows researchers to be passive observers of natural events occurring in naturally exposed & un-exposed groups?
Cohort study
What is a cohort?
A group with something in common
What is known in a cohort study? (disease or exposure)
Exposure (rows of 2x2 table)
What is the descriptive purpose of a cohort study?
Measures of frequency, incidences, & incidence rates
What is the analytic purpose of a cohort study?
Measures of association, risk ratios, & predictive risk-factors
What type of cohort study is it when the outcome is not known?
Prospective
What type of cohort study is it when the exposure and outcome are both known?
Retrospective
What type of cohort study uses retrospective design to asses past differences but data is collected on additional outcomes?
Ambidirectional
In a cohort study, what can be represented that relates the study with time?
Temporality
What is used to assess the adequacy of blinding in an interventional study?
Post hoc
T/F: All simple and factorial studies are parallel studies.
True
