Physiology 1

Question 1

what is osmolarity?

Answer 1

concentration of osmotically active particles present in a solution

Question 2

osmolarity units?

Answer 2

osmol/l or mosmol/l

Question 3

what 2 things must you know to calculate osmolarity?

Answer 3

solution molar concentration

number of osmotically active particles present

Question 4

what is the osmolarity of a 150mM molar concentration of NaCl?

Answer 4

2 (1 from Na and 1 from Cl) x 150 = 300mosmol/l

Question 5

osmolality units?

Answer 5

osmol/l

osmolarity and osmolality are interchangeable for weak salt solutions

Question 6

________ is the effect a solution has on cell volume

Answer 6

TONICITY is the effect a solution has on cell volume

Question 7

name the 3 different possible tonicities of a solution

Answer 7

isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic

Question 8

state what happens to a cell in the following:

(a) hypertonic
(b) isotonic
(c) hypotonic

Answer 8

(a) hypertonic - CELL SHRINKS
(b) isotonic - RBC
(c) hypotonic - CELL LYSIS

Question 9

hypertonic solutions have ____ water and regarded as a concentrated ____ solution

Answer 9

hypertonic solutions have LESS water and regarded as a concentrated SALT solution

Question 10

hypotonic solutions have _____ water

Answer 10

hypotonic solutions have MORE water

Question 11

who has more TBW, males or females?

Answer 11

males

females have more fat

Question 12

TBW exists as how many major compartments?

name them

Answer 12

2

intracellular fluid (ICF)
extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 13

what makes up extracellular fluid?

Answer 13

plasma (20%) and interstitial fluid (80%)

Question 14

how can we measure body fluid compartments?

Answer 14

tracers

Question 15

name the useful tracers for the following:

(a) TBW
(b) ECF
(c) plasma

Answer 15

(a) TBW - 3H2O
(b) ECF - inulin
(c) plasma - labelled albumin

Question 16

TBW = ? + ?

Answer 16

TBW = ECF + ICF

Question 17

what equals dose/sample concentration?

Answer 17

volume

Question 18

Qx (mol) / [X] (mol/litre) is the equation for that?

Answer 18

distribution volume

Question 19

name some inputs of fluid into the body

Answer 19

fluid intake
food intake
metabolism

Question 20

name some outputs of fluid out of the body

Answer 20

skin
lungs
sweat
faeces
urine

Question 21

name the ions in the following compartments:

(a) ICF
(b) ECF

Answer 21

(a) ICF - K+

(b) ECF - Na+ and Cl- and HCO3-

Question 22

cell membranes are ____________ permeable

Answer 22

cell membranes are SELECTIVELY permeable

Question 23

osmotic concentrations of both ECF and ICF are ___________

Answer 23

osmotic concentrations of both ECF and ICF are IDENTICAL

Question 24

movement of water between the ICF and ECF in response to an osmotic gradient defines what?

Answer 24

fluid shift

Question 25

gain or loss - ECF NaCl gain:

(a) ECF
(b) ICF

Answer 25

gain or loss - ECF NaCl gain:

(a) ECF increase
(b) ICF decrease

Question 26

gain or loss - ECF NaCl loss:

(a) ECF
(b) ICF

Answer 26

gain or loss - ECF NaCl loss:

(a) ECF decrease
(b) ICF increase

Question 27

in the gain of a isotonic fluid, there is only a change in the ___ volume only

Answer 27

in the gain of a isotonic fluid, there is only a change in the ECF volume only

Question 28

what organ alters composition and volume of ECF?

Answer 28

kidney

Question 29

changes in {K+]plasma can result in what 2 serious consequences?

Answer 29

paralysis and cardiac arrest

Question 30

what follows salt?

Answer 30

water follows salt