Pathology 1 Flashcards
what is inflammation of the kidney called?
nephritis
what is infective inflammation of the kidney called?
pyelonephritis
what is non-infective inflammation of the kidney called?
glomerulonephritis
glomerulonephritis can be either ______ mediated or related to ___________
glomerulonephritis can be either IMMUNE mediated (in the glomerulus) or related to VASCULITIS
name the syndrome related to glomerulonephritis
good pasture’s syndrome
name the antibodies related to glomerulonephritis
IgG against alpha 3 subunit of collagen 4
name the 3 common infections related to glomerulonephritis
hepatitis viruses
bacteria like post strep
HIV
name the 2 drugs causing glomerulonephritis
gold and penicillamine
name the 1 cancer that causes circulating immune complexes in glomerulonephritis
lymphoma
GPA (wegners) - _ANCA
microscopic polyangitis - _ANCA
GPA (wegners) - cANCA
microscopic polyangitis - pANCA
c is cytoplasmic
what do immune complexes do to the sieve?
stop/block it
difference between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?
nephritic - haematuria and hypertension
nephrotic - heavy proteinuria, non-dependent oedema, hyperlipidaemia
3 features to classify glomerulonephritis?
light microscopy
electron microscopy
immunoflouresence
what is the bad thing seen under microscope in glomerulonephritis?
crescent!
rapidly progressive leading to bad prognosis
name the 2 common granulomas seen in the kidneys
GPA and sarcoid
what test do you use to see the basement membrane?
election microscopy - subepithelial, mesangial, subendothelial
name the antibody found in goodpasture’s
linear IgG
name the scoring system in cystic disease of the kidney
bosniak score
are acquired cysts of the kidney common?
very
name the 2 types of polycystic kidney disease
autosomal dominant PCKD and autosomal recessive PCKD
is ADPCKD common?
no - lots and lots of cysts in kidney so becomes huge
in those with PKD, aneurysms of what is common?
sub arachnoid haemorrhage
name the 1 benign and 4 malignant tumours of the kidney
benign - oncocytoma
malignant - chromophobe, clear cell, papillary and collecting duct
name the paediatric tumour of the kidney
wilm’s tumour
describe what a oncocytoma is like
small, oval and well circumscribed
mahogany brown
very pink and granular under microscope
are chromophobes common?
no
malignant
look VERY similar oncocytoma (benign)
oncocytic but with raisonoid nuclei and perinuclear haloes
2nd most common malignant tumour of kidney?
papillary cancer
low grade
finger like projections
least common carcinoma?
collecting duct carcinoma
proper nasty
high grade
poor survival
is clear cell carcinoma common?
yes
obesity
haematuria
what colour are clear cell carcinoma?
bright yellow tumour surface
clear cell carcinoma can involve what?
renal vein into vena cava up towards the heart
who gets minimal change glomerulonephritis?
nephritic or nephrotic?
good prognosis?
treatment?
kids
nephrotic
good prognosis
steroids
