Histology

Question 1

what is the kidney covered in?

Answer 1

thin strong capsule

Question 2

what is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 2

nephron

Question 3

what is the nephron composed of? (2)

Answer 3

renal corpuscle and renal tubules

Question 4

what is responsible for production and collection of glomerular filtrate?

Answer 4

renal corpuscle

Question 5

what is responsible for reabsorption of water, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates and glucose?

Answer 5

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 6

what is responsible for creation of hyperosmotic environment in medulla?

Answer 6

loop of henle

Question 7

what is responsible for acid-base and water balance (absorption of water, Na and bicarbonate, excretion of K and H ions)?

Answer 7

distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

name the capsule that the renal corpuscle is often referred to

Answer 8

Bowman’s capsule

Question 9

name the cells that separate the blood from the glomerular filtrate

Answer 9

podocytes

Question 10

what cells produce a connective tissue core called the mesangium?

Answer 10

mesangial cells

Question 11

what do podocytes look like?

Answer 11

saw-tooth

Question 12

name the 2 poles of the renal corpuscle

Answer 12

vascular pole and urinary pole

Question 13

in the proximal tubule, what is reabsorbed?

Answer 13

sodium
water
glucose
amino-acids

Question 14

the loop of Henle can be broken into 4 - name them

Answer 14

thick descending limb
thin descending limb
thin ascending limb
thick ascending limb

Question 15

what are the following lined by:

(a) thick descending limb
(b) thin descending limb
(c) thin ascending limb
(d) thick ascending limb

Answer 15

(a) thick descending limb - SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
(b) thin descending limb - SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
(c) thin ascending limb - SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
(d) thick ascending limb - SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

Question 16

loops of blood vessels to the medulla are collectively called the ____ _____

Answer 16

loops of blood vessels to the medulla are collectively called the VASA RECTA

Question 17

reabsorption of Na+ in the DCT is controlled by what hormone?

Answer 17

aldosterone

Question 18

what secretes aldosterone?

Answer 18

adrenal cortex

Question 19

what is responsible for reabsorption of water under the control of ADH?

Answer 19

collecting ducts

Question 20

is the collecting duct part of the nephron?

Answer 20

no!

Question 21

what hormone increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water?

Answer 21

ADH

Question 22

what secretes ADH?

Answer 22

posterior pituitary

Question 23

hot day with low water intake - is ADH high or low?

Answer 23

high ADH on hot day = concentrated urine as a result

Question 24

urine flow:

produced in ______ papilla

collected in the _____ calyx

flows into the _____ _____ then ______ and then into the _______ for storage

then excreted through the ________

Answer 24

produced in RENAL papilla

collected in the MINOR calyx

flows into the MAJOR CALYX then URETER and then into the BLADDER for storage

then excreted through the URETHRA

Question 25

almost all of the conducting parts (ureter etc) of the urinary tract are lined by a special epithelium called what?

Answer 25

transitional epithelium or urothelium - umbrella cells transfers to stratified squamous as it nears closer to exiting the body - stratified squamous at tip of penis (same as rest of body)