Histology Flashcards
what is the kidney covered in?
thin strong capsule
what is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
what is the nephron composed of? (2)
renal corpuscle and renal tubules
what is responsible for production and collection of glomerular filtrate?
renal corpuscle
what is responsible for reabsorption of water, proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates and glucose?
proximal convoluted tubule
what is responsible for creation of hyperosmotic environment in medulla?
loop of henle
what is responsible for acid-base and water balance (absorption of water, Na and bicarbonate, excretion of K and H ions)?
distal convoluted tubule
name the capsule that the renal corpuscle is often referred to
Bowman’s capsule
name the cells that separate the blood from the glomerular filtrate
podocytes
what cells produce a connective tissue core called the mesangium?
mesangial cells
what do podocytes look like?
saw-tooth
name the 2 poles of the renal corpuscle
vascular pole and urinary pole
in the proximal tubule, what is reabsorbed?
sodium
water
glucose
amino-acids
the loop of Henle can be broken into 4 - name them
thick descending limb
thin descending limb
thin ascending limb
thick ascending limb
what are the following lined by:
(a) thick descending limb
(b) thin descending limb
(c) thin ascending limb
(d) thick ascending limb
(a) thick descending limb - SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
(b) thin descending limb - SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
(c) thin ascending limb - SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
(d) thick ascending limb - SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
loops of blood vessels to the medulla are collectively called the ____ _____
loops of blood vessels to the medulla are collectively called the VASA RECTA
reabsorption of Na+ in the DCT is controlled by what hormone?
aldosterone
what secretes aldosterone?
adrenal cortex
what is responsible for reabsorption of water under the control of ADH?
collecting ducts
is the collecting duct part of the nephron?
no!
what hormone increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water?
ADH
what secretes ADH?
posterior pituitary
hot day with low water intake - is ADH high or low?
high ADH on hot day = concentrated urine as a result
urine flow:
produced in ______ papilla
collected in the _____ calyx
flows into the _____ _____ then ______ and then into the _______ for storage
then excreted through the ________
produced in RENAL papilla
collected in the MINOR calyx
flows into the MAJOR CALYX then URETER and then into the BLADDER for storage
then excreted through the URETHRA
almost all of the conducting parts (ureter etc) of the urinary tract are lined by a special epithelium called what?
transitional epithelium or urothelium - umbrella cells
transfers to stratified squamous as it nears closer to exiting the body - stratified squamous at tip of penis (same as rest of body)
