Glomerulonephritis

Question 1

name the 4 types of glomerular disease

Answer 1

diabetic nephropathy
glomerulonephritis
amyloid/light chain nephropathy
transplant glomerulopathy

Question 2

name the 2 types of GN

Answer 2

acute and chronic

Question 3

define GN

Answer 3

immune-mediated disease of the kidneys affecting the glomeruli

Question 4

name the 3 ways GN can happen

Answer 4

humour - antibody mediated

cell mediated - T-cells

inflammatory cells, mediators and complements

Question 5

damage to endothelial or mesangial cells leads to a ______________ lesion and red cells in urine

Answer 5

damage to endothelial or mesangial cells leads to a PROLIFERATIVE lesion and red cells in urine

Question 6

damage to podocytes leads to a __________________ lesion and protein in urine

Answer 6

damage to podocytes leads to a NON-PROLIFERATIVE lesion and protein in urine

Question 7

damage to podocytes cause proteinuria

true or false?

Answer 7

true!

Question 8

how do you diagnose GN?

Answer 8

clinical presentation
blood test
urine - haem and protein
kidney biopsy

Question 9

will GN cause painful haematuria?

Answer 9

no - painless

Question 10

what protein do we measure in urine?

Answer 10

albumin

Question 11

name the 4 types of proteinuria

Answer 11

microalbuminuria
asymptomatic proteinuria
heavy proteinuria
nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

diagnose:

Acute Renal Failure
Oliguria
Oedema/ Fluid retention
Hypertension
Active urinary sediment
RBC’s, RBC & Granular Casts

Answer 12

nephritic syndrome

Question 13

nephritic syndrome is _______________ affecting the ___________ cells

Answer 13

nephritic syndrome is PROLIFERATIVE affecting the ENDOTHELIAL cells

Question 14

diagnose:

Proteinuria  3 g/day (mostly albumin, also globulins)
Hypoalbuminaemia (<30)
Oedema 
Hypercholesterolaemia
Usually normal renal function

Answer 14

nephrotic syndrome

Question 15

nephrotic syndrome is _______________ affecting the ___________

Answer 15

nephrotic syndrome is NON-PROLIFERATIVE affecting the PODOCYTES

Question 16

the majority of GN are ____________

Answer 16

the majority of GN are IDIOPATHIC

Question 17

name the drugs in non-immunosuppressive treatment of GN

Answer 17

ACEIs
ARBs
diuretics
statins

Question 18

you can also treat GN with _________________

Answer 18

you can also treat GN with IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

Question 19

name the commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

Answer 19

minimal change nephropathy

Question 20

minimal change nephropathy treatment?

Answer 20

oral steroids

Question 21

does minimal change nephropathy cause progressive renal failure?

Answer 21

no!

Question 22

what cell is damaged in minimal change nephropathy?

Answer 22

podocytes

Question 23

name the commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 23

FSGS - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 24

what cell is damaged in FSGS?

Answer 24

podocytes

Question 25

name the 2nd commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 25

membranous nephropathy

Question 26

name the commonest nephropathy in the world

Answer 26

IgA nephropathy

Question 27

name the cell damaged in IgA nephropathy

Answer 27

mesangeal cells

Question 28

IgA nephropathy treatment?

Answer 28

ACE inhibitors

Question 29

name the treatable cause of acute renal failure caused by GN

Answer 29

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

Question 30

RPGN is associated with what on biopsy?

Answer 30

crescents

Question 31

RPGN can be either ____ positive or negative

Answer 31

RPGN can be either ANCA positive or negative

Question 32

systemic vasculitis, wegeners (GPA) and microscopic polyangitis are ANCA what?

Answer 32

ANCA positive

Question 33

Goodpasture’s disease-Anti-GBM
Henoch Scholein Purpura HSP/IgA
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE

the above are all ANCA what?

Answer 33

ANCA negative

Question 34

are vasculitic skin rashes blanching?

Answer 34

no - non-blanching

Question 35

RPGN treatment?

Answer 35

strong immunosuppression