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physio 5 last minute Flashcards

1
Q

function of Ach

A

vasodilation
increased secretion
smooth muscle contraction

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2
Q

upper esophageal spincter

A

closed during inspiration

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3
Q

pyloric sphicter

A

regulates gastric emptying

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4
Q

what is the source of CCK

A

duodenum

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5
Q

what is the target of CCK

A

pancreas, gallbladder, stomach, spincter of oddi

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6
Q

What is the function of CCK

A

incrase enzyme secrtion, incrase contraction, decrease gastric emptying, incrase relxation

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7
Q

what is the target of gastrin

A

parietal cells, ECL, D cell

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8
Q

what is the source of motilin

A

upper GI

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9
Q

what is the target of motilin

A

stomach, doumon

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10
Q

what is the source of peptide YY

A

ileum, colon

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11
Q

what is the target of peptide YY

A

pancreas

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12
Q

what is the action of peptide YY

A

decrease enzyme and fluid secretion

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13
Q

what is the source of secretin

A

duodenum

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14
Q

what is the target of secretin

A

pancreas, stomach

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15
Q

what is the action of secretin

A

incrase bicarb secretion
decrease acid secretion
delay gastric emptying

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16
Q

what is the source of somatostatin

A

stomach, duodenum, pancreatic cells

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17
Q

what are the targets of somatostatin

A

stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver

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18
Q

what is the action of somatostatin in stomach and intestine

A

decrease acid secretion, increase fluid absorption

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19
Q

what is the action of somatostatin in pancreas, liver

A

decrease secretions

decrease bile flow

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20
Q

what is the source of prostagland

A

stoamch, intestine/immune cells

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21
Q

what is teh target of prostaglandin

A

stomach intestin

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22
Q

what is the action of prostglandin on the stomach

A

inrease blood flow
decrease acid secretion
incrase mucus/bicarb secretion

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23
Q

what is the action of prostaglandin on intestin

A

increas motility

increase fluid secretion

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24
Q

what is the source of histamine

A

stomach,

intestine/immune cells

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25
Q

what is the target of histamine

A

stomach

intestine

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26
Q

what is the action of histamine on the stomach

A

increase acid secretion

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27
Q

what is the action of histamine on the insteine

A

increase fluid secretion

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28
Q

what is the source of somatostatine

A

stomach

duodenum, pancraestic cells

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29
Q

what is the target of somatostatin

A

stomach, intestine

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30
Q

what is the actino of somatostatin on the stomach

A

decrease acid secretion

incrase fluid absorption

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31
Q

what is the action of somatostatin on the intestine

A

decrease smooth muscle contraction

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32
Q

what is the receptive relxation mediated by

A

NO

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33
Q

what is gastric accomination regulated by

A

ENS

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34
Q

what hormones impair gastric emptying

A

secretin, CCK, gastrin

35
Q

what neurotransmitters impair gastric emptying

A

Ach, 5-HT

36
Q

what neurotransmitters promote gastric emptying

A

NO, VIP

37
Q

what are the key neurotransmitters of the emetic response

A

serotonin, dopamine, ach, histamine

38
Q

action of ach on stomach

A

promote HCL, mucus, bicarb secretion

39
Q

what does superfirical epithelial cell release

A

mucus, bicarb

40
Q

functions of gastric acid

A 
protein digestion
sterilization
prevent bacterial and fungal growth
facilitate absorption
promote bile and pancreatic enzyme flow
41
Q

what does gastrin act on

A

parietal cell

42
Q

what does ach act on

A

parietal cell

43
Q

what does histamine act on

A

neighboring parietal cell

44
Q

what does somatostatin act on

A

g cells

45
Q

what are regulators of interdigestive phase of gastric acid secretion

A

of partieal cells
body weight
presence of food in stomach

46
Q

regulators of cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion

A

sight/smell of food

47
Q

regulators of gastric phase of gastric acid secretion

A

distension of stomach

neg feedback if really low pH

48
Q

regulators of intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion

A

peptides in duodenum

absorption of amino acid in duodenum

49
Q

what are the 2 key stimuli for mucus secretion by epithelial and neck cells of the stomach

A

ach, prostatgland

50
Q

what is the role of secretin in the stomach

A

decrease acid realease
increases pepsinogen release
delay gastric emptyin

51
Q

zollinger-ellison syndrome

A

high serum gastrin levels

causes tumor in duodenum/pancrea

52
Q

what are the 2 primary stimuli for fluid and enzyme secretion by pancreatic acinar cells

A

CCK

Ach

53
Q

what is the primary stimulus for secretion of bicarb from pancreatic duct cells

A

secretin

54
Q

what is the stimulis for cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion

A

sight, smell, taste, mastication

55
Q

what is the stimulius for gastric phase of pancreatic secretion

A

distension, gastrin, peptides/peptones

56
Q

what is the stimulis for intestintal phase of pancreatic secretion

A

amino acid
fatty acid
H_

57
Q

how does somatostatine affect bile secretion

A

inhibits

58
Q

how does CCK affect bile secretion

A

promote

59
Q

what do brunners glands in duodenum secrete

A

mucus, bicarb

60
Q

what cells does cryptos of liberkuhn in small intestine have

A

goblet, secretory enterocytes, absorptive entrocytes

61
Q

what do secretory enterocytes secrete

A

electrolytes, water

62
Q

what do absoptive enterocytes secrete

A

peptidase, sucrase, maltase, lactase, lipase, transpoters

63
Q

where is folic acid absorbed

A

duodnum

64
Q

what is important about folic acid

A

DNA synthesis and cell division

65
Q

what happens when you have impaired folic acid uptake

A

anemia

66
Q

stimulation of CFTR results in what

A

fluid secretion

67
Q

what stimulates CFTR

A

Ach, VIP, 5HT, prostatgland, histamine, cholera, e coli

68
Q

what does inhibition of Na-H exchanger cause

A

fluid secretion

69
Q

what inhibits Na-H exhacnger

A

Ach, VIP, 5HT, prostalgandin, histamin, cholera, e coli

70
Q

what does uptake of Na channels and Na/K ATPase cause

A

fluid absorption

71
Q

what does icnrease of Na-H exchanger cause

A

fluid aborption

72
Q

what causes uptake of Na channels and Na K ATPase

A

mineralocorticoid glucocorticoid

73
Q

what causes incrase of Na-H exchanger

A

somatostatin
enkephalin
NE

74
Q

defiiceny in what neurotransmitter could cause the problem of vomiting 3 year old

A

lack of Ach causing release of NO

75
Q

what action does CCK have on gallbladder

A

contraction

76
Q

what action does CCK have on pancreas

A

acinar secretion

77
Q

what action does CCK have on stomach

A

reduce emptying

78
Q

what action does CCK have on sphicter of oddi

A

relaxation

79
Q

what does the pancreas help digest?

A

protein, carbs, lipids, nucleotides

80
Q

what can obstruction in pancreatic duct cause

A

acute pancitis, elevated pancreatic enzymes, digestice impairment, weight loss, white stool

81
Q

what can obstruction in common bile duct cause

A

elevation of bilirubin (jaundice) emuslifation of fat, elevated lipase

82
Q

what postively regulates cryptos of liekerkun throughtout the large intestine

A

mechanical
PNS
ENS

83
Q

how do you treat DKA

A

restoring plasma volume, reduce blood glucose, correct acidosis, replenish electrolite

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