physio 5 last minute Flashcards
function of Ach
vasodilation
increased secretion
smooth muscle contraction
upper esophageal spincter
closed during inspiration
pyloric sphicter
regulates gastric emptying
what is the source of CCK
duodenum
what is the target of CCK
pancreas, gallbladder, stomach, spincter of oddi
What is the function of CCK
incrase enzyme secrtion, incrase contraction, decrease gastric emptying, incrase relxation
what is the target of gastrin
parietal cells, ECL, D cell
what is the source of motilin
upper GI
what is the target of motilin
stomach, doumon
what is the source of peptide YY
ileum, colon
what is the target of peptide YY
pancreas
what is the action of peptide YY
decrease enzyme and fluid secretion
what is the source of secretin
duodenum
what is the target of secretin
pancreas, stomach
what is the action of secretin
incrase bicarb secretion
decrease acid secretion
delay gastric emptying
what is the source of somatostatin
stomach, duodenum, pancreatic cells
what are the targets of somatostatin
stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver
what is the action of somatostatin in stomach and intestine
decrease acid secretion, increase fluid absorption
what is the action of somatostatin in pancreas, liver
decrease secretions
decrease bile flow
what is the source of prostagland
stoamch, intestine/immune cells
what is teh target of prostaglandin
stomach intestin
what is the action of prostglandin on the stomach
inrease blood flow
decrease acid secretion
incrase mucus/bicarb secretion
what is the action of prostaglandin on intestin
increas motility
increase fluid secretion
what is the source of histamine
stomach,
intestine/immune cells
what is the target of histamine
stomach
intestine
what is the action of histamine on the stomach
increase acid secretion
what is the action of histamine on the insteine
increase fluid secretion
what is the source of somatostatine
stomach
duodenum, pancraestic cells
what is the target of somatostatin
stomach, intestine
what is the actino of somatostatin on the stomach
decrease acid secretion
incrase fluid absorption
what is the action of somatostatin on the intestine
decrease smooth muscle contraction
what is the receptive relxation mediated by
NO
what is gastric accomination regulated by
ENS
what hormones impair gastric emptying
secretin, CCK, gastrin
what neurotransmitters impair gastric emptying
Ach, 5-HT
what neurotransmitters promote gastric emptying
NO, VIP
what are the key neurotransmitters of the emetic response
serotonin, dopamine, ach, histamine
action of ach on stomach
promote HCL, mucus, bicarb secretion
what does superfirical epithelial cell release
mucus, bicarb
functions of gastric acid
protein digestion sterilization prevent bacterial and fungal growth facilitate absorption promote bile and pancreatic enzyme flow
what does gastrin act on
parietal cell
what does ach act on
parietal cell
what does histamine act on
neighboring parietal cell
what does somatostatin act on
g cells
what are regulators of interdigestive phase of gastric acid secretion
of partieal cells
body weight
presence of food in stomach
regulators of cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion
sight/smell of food
regulators of gastric phase of gastric acid secretion
distension of stomach
neg feedback if really low pH
regulators of intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion
peptides in duodenum
absorption of amino acid in duodenum
what are the 2 key stimuli for mucus secretion by epithelial and neck cells of the stomach
ach, prostatgland
what is the role of secretin in the stomach
decrease acid realease
increases pepsinogen release
delay gastric emptyin
zollinger-ellison syndrome
high serum gastrin levels
causes tumor in duodenum/pancrea
what are the 2 primary stimuli for fluid and enzyme secretion by pancreatic acinar cells
CCK
Ach
what is the primary stimulus for secretion of bicarb from pancreatic duct cells
secretin
what is the stimulis for cephalic phase of pancreatic secretion
sight, smell, taste, mastication
what is the stimulius for gastric phase of pancreatic secretion
distension, gastrin, peptides/peptones
what is the stimulis for intestintal phase of pancreatic secretion
amino acid
fatty acid
H_
how does somatostatine affect bile secretion
inhibits
how does CCK affect bile secretion
promote
what do brunners glands in duodenum secrete
mucus, bicarb
what cells does cryptos of liberkuhn in small intestine have
goblet, secretory enterocytes, absorptive entrocytes
what do secretory enterocytes secrete
electrolytes, water
what do absoptive enterocytes secrete
peptidase, sucrase, maltase, lactase, lipase, transpoters
where is folic acid absorbed
duodnum
what is important about folic acid
DNA synthesis and cell division
what happens when you have impaired folic acid uptake
anemia
stimulation of CFTR results in what
fluid secretion
what stimulates CFTR
Ach, VIP, 5HT, prostatgland, histamine, cholera, e coli
what does inhibition of Na-H exchanger cause
fluid secretion
what inhibits Na-H exhacnger
Ach, VIP, 5HT, prostalgandin, histamin, cholera, e coli
what does uptake of Na channels and Na/K ATPase cause
fluid absorption
what does icnrease of Na-H exchanger cause
fluid aborption
what causes uptake of Na channels and Na K ATPase
mineralocorticoid glucocorticoid
what causes incrase of Na-H exchanger
somatostatin
enkephalin
NE
defiiceny in what neurotransmitter could cause the problem of vomiting 3 year old
lack of Ach causing release of NO
what action does CCK have on gallbladder
contraction
what action does CCK have on pancreas
acinar secretion
what action does CCK have on stomach
reduce emptying
what action does CCK have on sphicter of oddi
relaxation
what does the pancreas help digest?
protein, carbs, lipids, nucleotides
what can obstruction in pancreatic duct cause
acute pancitis, elevated pancreatic enzymes, digestice impairment, weight loss, white stool
what can obstruction in common bile duct cause
elevation of bilirubin (jaundice) emuslifation of fat, elevated lipase
what postively regulates cryptos of liekerkun throughtout the large intestine
mechanical
PNS
ENS
how do you treat DKA
restoring plasma volume, reduce blood glucose, correct acidosis, replenish electrolite
