physio 4 last minute Flashcards
what leaves the proximal tubule
Na, Cl, HCO3, K, H2O, glucose, amino acids
What enters the proximal tubule
H+, organic acids and bases
waht enters the thin descending loop of henle
Na, Cl, urea
what leaves the thin descending loop of henle
H2O
what leaves thick ascending loop of henle
Na, Cl, Ca++, K, HCO3, Mg++
What enters the thick ascending loop of henle
H
What leaves early distal tubule
Na, Cl
What leaves the late distal tubule/collecting duct
Na, ADH, H2O, urea, HCO3
What enters the late distal tubual and collecting duckt
K< H
How does loop diuretic work
blocks Na/K/Cl pump on thick ascending loop of henle
what does loop diuretic cause
increase flow of fluid into the late distale tubule, causes K+ secretion to increase
how does thiasine work
inhibits NaCl- reabsorptin in early tubule, inhibits water reabortion
vesicoureteral reflux
Backward flow of urine into ureters during bladder contraction. Enlarges ureters. Increases chances of kidney infection.
ureteronrenal reflex
Stone blocks ureter, sensory afferents from ureter cause reflex and constriction of renal arterioles. This decreases fluid flow from that kidney
what is micturtition reflex iniated by
bladder stretch receptors
what can inhibit the micturition reflex
cortical and suprapotine cetners in brain
what is symphathetic storage reflex initaed by
bladder discending, afferent activity
what is somatic storage reflex initiated by
sudden increase in bladder pressure
what is somatic storage reflex inhibited by
micturiation
myogenic mechanism
constriction of afferent arterior to decrease hydrostatic pressure
myogenic mechanism minimized damage to what
glomerular caps
tubulglomerular feedback mechanism
renale bp increase ,increases RBf and GFR
what does adenosine inhibit
renin
inhibition of renin causes what
low bp
what is renin released from
sympahtetic stimulation of beta1adrenergic receptors on granular cells and renal barorreceptor cells in kidney
what does angiotensin ii do to adrenal cortex
increases aldosterone secreteion
how does angiotensin ii affect proximal tubular sodium reabsoption
increass
how does PTH affect kdiney
increase renal tubular Ca++ reabsoprtion, reduces proximal tubular reaborption of phophate
what stimulates FGF23 production
vit D hormone
elevated P
how does FGF23 affect kidney
decreases reabsorption of phosphate
decreass production of calcitriol
how does PTH affect calcitriol
increases prodcution
how does constrictin effect artierl affect GFR
increases
how does constrcting afferent arteriole affect GFR
decrease
what force favors filtration
cap hydrostatic pressure
what force opposes filtration
cap oncotic
hydrostatic pressure in bowmans
what moves Na out of lumen
Na-H antipoerter
how does proximal tubular move Na into interstitial fluid
Na/K pump
how does glucose move into proximal tubule
active transport w/ Na
how does glucose leave tubule
facilitated diffusion
how does amino acid enter and leave tubule
same way as glucose
how is GFR affected by renal disease
decreases
low GFR has what affect on creatinine
high serum creatinine
is distal convoluted tubule permeable to urea?
no
how does ethanol affect ADH
decreases secretion
how does morphine affect ADH
increases secretion
where is most K reabsorbed
end of thick ascending limb of loop of henle
what stimulates release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
high K
how does alkalosis affect Na/KATP pump
stimulates
how does ADH affect pericytes
vasoconstricts
decreases blood flow
how is the ADH half life
short
median eminence
part of hypothalamus where portal vessels aris
parts of portal circulation btwn hypothalamus and ant. pituation
primary plexus, median eminince
what does FSH do in men
stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP and inhibit
what does testosterone have neg. feedback on
GnRH, LH, FSH
inhibin B
secreted into blood, selectively inhibits FSH production
how does LH binding to receptors on leydig cell affect cAMP
increases
function of dihydrotestosteone
differentiation/maturation of external genitalia. Adult prostatic disease. Increased hair follicle growth during puberty
what causes release of CT
increased plasma Ca, also gastrin
what function does CT have in pregnancy
protects moms bone from excess Ca loss during pregnancy
what happens when CRH binds to receptor on an. pit
exocytosis of ACTH which binds to MC2R on plasma membrane of adrenal cortex
what is cholesterone to prenenolone limited by
ACTH
how does cortisole affect norep. and ep.
induces expression of receptors for them
how can adrenal adenoma cause cushing
hypersecretion of cortisol and neg feedback so low ACTH
what is addison’s caused by
autoimmune destrcution of adrenal cortex sones
what are the alb values for addisons
ACTH and CRH high
symptoms of addisons
Hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, wt loss, hyperpigmentation,
progestorn eand inhibin A have neg feedback on what
gonadotropins from ant pit
vagal stimulation of insuline
acetylcholine activates M3 receptors and increases intracellular Ca
how does beta adrenergic stimulation affect insulin
amplifies secretion
how does alpha adrenergic stimulation affect insuline
inhibit release
where is Glut 4 located
skeletal muscle
adipose
where is glut 2 located
pancreased b cell
liver/kidnye/gut
what does glut 4 cause
insulin mediated uptake of glucose
what does glut 2 cause
insulin release
what produced IAPP
b cells
function of IAPP
Decreases glucagon secretion, inhibits GI motility, regulates appetite
when is GLP1 secreted
inresponse to meal
functino of GLP1
insulin amplifer
