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last minute path 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the instristic factors

A

TENET

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2
Q

what is common in sasknazi jews

A

hemophilia c

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3
Q

ADP

A

upregulates GpIIb/IIIa on the surface of the cell

drives aggregation

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4
Q

antithrombin 3

A

inactivates thrombin and factor X. potentiated by herparin

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5
Q

function of prostacyclin and NO

A

inhibit platelet aggrestion

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6
Q

thrombomodulin

A

converts thrombin to an anticoagulant

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7
Q

what does vWF link subendothelium to

A

glycoprotin Ib receptors

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8
Q

how does fibrinogen link platelets

A

via GpIIb - IIIa

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9
Q

PT is

A

extrinsic

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10
Q

PT is porlonged by

A

warfarin

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11
Q

PTT is

A

intristic

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12
Q

PTT is prolonged by

A

heparin

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13
Q

protein C

A

inhibts cofactors Va and VILLLA

decreases rate of clot formation

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14
Q

plasmin

A

breaks down fibirn

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15
Q

tissue pathway factor inhibitor

A

inhibits VIIa tissue factor complex

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16
Q

how is heparin given

A

IV or injuection

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17
Q

what does heparin bind to

A

antithrombin 3

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18
Q

what does heparin inhibit

A

thrombin factor IXa and factor Xa

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19
Q

dagigatran

A

direct thrombin inhibitom

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20
Q

ribaroxaban and apixaban

A

direct factor Xa inhibitor

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21
Q

risk factor for herparin induced thrombocytopenia

A

postop immobiliation

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22
Q

what can pts with extensive venous thrombosis develop

A

limb gangrene

secondary skin ulceration

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23
Q

bernard soulier diseaes

A

defect of platelet adhesion

affects glycoprotien Ib

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24
Q

glanzmass’ thromboasthenia

A

defect in platlet aggregation

glycoporon IIb/IIa

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25
Q

TTP

A

antibodies directed againt vWF cleae proteuse

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26
Q

multiple DVTs is a sign of

A

factor V

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27
Q

in a car accident what is the most common DIC

A

thrombine activation

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28
Q

mix nonclotting blood with normal blood and you clot that mean

A

you are missing a factor

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29
Q

mix nonclotting blood with normal blood and you don’t clot what does that mean

A

missing inhibitor

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30
Q

most common cause of hypercoagulative state

A

factor v

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31
Q

venous thrombi are most oftenc casued by

A

stasis

32
Q

aterial thrombi most often caused by

A

injury

33
Q

line of zane

A

seen with AAA

help distinguish between pre and post mortum

34
Q

virchow’s triad

A

hypercoagulable statae
endothelial injury
circulatory stasis

35
Q

what does antiphospolipid antibody syndrome cause in vitro

A

inhibit clotting

36
Q

what does antiphospholipid antibody do in vivo

A

hypercoagulable state

37
Q

what is antiphospholipid antibody syndrome assocaited with

A

lupus
false postiive for syphlis
miscarriages

38
Q

risk factos for venous thrombosis

A 
CHF
trauma
surgery
prengnacy
cancer
39
Q

5 unifiying feature of shock

A 
increased Ca++
incrased H+
increased edema
catabolic metabolism
infalmmation
40
Q

3 signs of nonprogressive phase

A

tachycardia
peripheral vasoconstriction
renal conservation of fluid

41
Q

sign of progressive stage

A

widepread hypoxia
lactic acidosis
decreased urinary output

42
Q

signs of irreversible stgae

A

lysosomal enzyme leakage

43
Q

class I hemorrage shock % of blodo lost

A

<15

44
Q

class II hemorrhagic shock % of blood lost

A

15-30

45
Q

class III hemorrhagic shock % of blood lost

A

30-40

46
Q

class IV hemorrhagic shock % of blood lost

A

> 40

47
Q

peutz-jergers syndrome

A

autosomal dominate

develop benign polps in GI tract and hyperpigmented macules

48
Q

attachment to matrix compoent uses what

A

laminin/laminin receptor

49
Q

degradation of ECM uses what

A

collagenases

50
Q

migration of tumor cells uses what

A

fibronetin

motility factor

51
Q

osteoblastic metatsis is most comply

A

prostate cancer

52
Q

increased serum alk phos mean swhat

A

osteoblastic metasstasis

53
Q

what does osteolytic metasis look like on xray

A

lucencies

54
Q

what does BrdE do

A

help with grading of tumros

55
Q

what are the grades of tumors

A

I-IV from well differentied to nearly anaplastic

56
Q

How many sizes of tumors are there

A

4

57
Q

what are the stages of nodal involement

A

0-2

58
Q

what are the stages of metasis

A

0-2

59
Q

what is the TNM system of staging

A

size of tumor
nodal involvment
distant metastases

60
Q

what does dukes system check

A

colorectal cancer

61
Q

what does ann arbor system check for

A

hodgkin and non hodkin lymphoma

62
Q

what cancer does KRAS casue

A

pancrease, colon, lung

63
Q

what cancer does beta catenin cause

A

hepatoblastoma

hepatocellualr carcimoa

64
Q

what cancer does n myc casue

A

neuroblastoma

small cell CA of lung

65
Q

what cancer does cyclin D cause

A

mantle cell lyphoma
brest
esophageal

66
Q

what causes translocatino between 9-22

A

c-abl

chronic myelogenous leukima

67
Q

what can you use to treat CML

A

imatinbi mesylate (gllevec)

68
Q

translocation for follicular lyphoma

A

14-18

69
Q

APC causes what

A

FAP

70
Q

cancers of p53

A

lung
colon
breat
li fraumeni

71
Q

beta naphthylamin can cause

A

bladder cancer

72
Q

nitrosamines and amines can cause

A

gastric carcinoma

73
Q

estrogen promotes what cancers

A

breast
squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
leiomyoma of uterus

74
Q

AFP detects waht

A

hepatocellualr carcinomas

germ cell tumors of tests or ovary

75
Q

beta HCG is a marker for what

A

trophoblastic tumors

76
Q

CEA is a marker for waht

A

CA colon
pancrease
stomach
breast

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