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path 1 last minute Flashcards

1
Q

SOD

A

converts O2 into H2O2

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2
Q

gluthathione peroxidase

A

converts OH- into H2O2

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3
Q

catalase (perozisomes)

A

converts H2O2 into H20 and O2

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4
Q

Bcl-2

A

inhibits apoptosis

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5
Q

what are the stages of apoptosis

A 
condensation of chromatin
membrane blebbing
cellular fragmentation
formation of apoptotic bodies
phagocytosis of apoptotic cell
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6
Q

extrinisc apoptotic pathway

A

Fas lingand binds with TNF receptor activating adaptor proteins, which activate initiator caspases

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7
Q

cytochronce c

A

stimulates initiator capases

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8
Q

endonucleases

A

break down DNA

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9
Q

acetaminophin

A

highly reactive quione metabolite that reacts with protein, DNA and causes O2 stress

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10
Q

CCl4

A

reacts with membrane and ER

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11
Q

cyanide

A

blocks oxidative phosphorylatin in mitochondira

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12
Q

dystropic calcium looks like

A

fine white granules or gritty deposites seen in areas of injury and necrosis

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13
Q

when is dystrophic calcification found

A

damaged heart valves, TB lymph nodes.

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14
Q

what does dystrophic calcification cause

A

organ dysfunction

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15
Q

what is the serum Ca+ levels with dystrophic calcification

A

normal

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16
Q

when does metatstic calcifcation take place

A

increase PTH
incrased osetolysis
vit D disorder
renal failure

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17
Q

What causes increased vascular permeability

A 
vasoactive amines
C3a, C5a, 
bradykine
leukotrines
PAF
substance P
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18
Q

what causes chemotaxis and leukocyte activation

A 
C5a
leukotrine
B4
chemokines
TNF
IL1
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19
Q

chemotaxis

A

directed movement along chemical graident toward injury

directs leukocytes to site of injury

20
Q

cytokines

A

locally acting cell to cell mediats

important for inflammation

21
Q

pyogenic

A

bacteria that results in the development of purulent inflammation

22
Q

serosanguineous

A

serous but with RBCs (makes it red) form of exudate

23
Q

suppurative

A

to produce pus

24
Q

vasoactive amines

A

cell mediator that results in incraesed permeability of postcapillary venules
effects are immediate but transient

25
Q

plasmin/lysosomal enzymes (complement)

A

cleavage to form C5a, c4a, c3a, c3b, C5-9

26
Q

functino of C3a, C4a, C5a

A

anaphylatoxin

stimulate histamine release

27
Q

function of C5a

A

chemotaxis

28
Q

functino of C3b

A

oposinizatino

29
Q

Lt B4

A

chemoattractant causing PMN aggregatino
adhesion to endothlial cells
generation of ROS
release of lysosomes

30
Q

Lipoxin A4 and B4

A

inhibit leukocyte recruitment

31
Q

neuropeptides

A

transmit pain signals
regulat BP
stimulate endocrine secretion
increase vascular permeability

32
Q

mast cell/basophils

A

contain vasoactive amines that are relased in acute inflammation

33
Q

endothlial cells

A

contract to make blood vessels leakier

express E selectin which enhances later recruitment of leukocytes

34
Q

ICAM-1 binds to

A

LPA-1 Mac1

35
Q

dehiscnes

A

closed wound splits open

36
Q

stricture

A

narrowing of a body passage caused by a wound contracture in hollow viscera

37
Q

fibronectin

A

crosslinks with collagen to provide tensile strength to allow for wounds to fully close

38
Q

MMP

A

degrades basement membrane and disrupts cell to cell contact

39
Q

selectins

A

help with leukocyte rolling

40
Q

myeloperoxidase

A

converts H2O2 into HOCl

41
Q

respiratory burst

A

imporant in generation of microbicidal activity

42
Q

beta 2 integin

A

help with firm adhesion to leukocytes to epithelial cells

43
Q

interferon gamma

A

secreted from lyphocytes, stimulates monocytes and macrophages, helps them go from macrophage to epitheloid cells to giant cells

44
Q

pyrogens

A

TNG and IL1

45
Q

glucocorticoids

A

inhibit wound healing by impariing collagen sysnthesis

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