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micro exam 2 last minute Flashcards

1
Q

Where does rhinocerebral zygomycosis originate in

A

sinuses

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2
Q

Where does rhinocerebral zygmoycosis spread to

A

neighboring tisues

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3
Q

Who gets zygomatic infections of the lungs

A

burn pts

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4
Q

Who gets zygomatic infections of GI tract

A

burn pts, neonates, premmies

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5
Q

Who gets zygomatic infections of skin

A

burn pts, traumatin incoulation

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6
Q

What forms can candida exist in

A

yeast, pseudohyphal, hypal

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7
Q

Presentation of trush

A

white patches in mouth, when they are scrapped off it’s red underneath

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8
Q

How do you treat thrust

A

mouth washes or lozenges of nystatin and azole compounds

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9
Q

What is the distrubtion of c. neuformans

A

pitbull - mr. worldwide

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10
Q

What is the appearance of histoplasmosis

A

tuberculate (bumpy)

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11
Q

Where does histoplasmosis spread

A

through the lympathic and reticulendothelial system

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12
Q

What symptoms distinguish histoplasmosis from TB

A

hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy

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13
Q

How can you diagnose histoplasmosis

A

direct observation in tissues/samples
cultivate organisms from clinical samples
serology

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14
Q

What does blastomycosis disseminate into

A

ulcerative lesions of skin, bone, and urogential tract (want to blast through butthole)

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15
Q

What does disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis disseminate into

A

chronic cutaneous and mucocutaneous ulcers

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16
Q

What does coccidiodomycosis pulmonary disease start as

A

mild to moderate flu like symptoms

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17
Q

What can coccidiodomycosis disseminate into

A

infection of joints, skin, and CNS (desert rheumatism)

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18
Q

What is the leading form of fungal menigitis

A

cryptococcosis

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19
Q

Descrive the PCP organism

A

single cell eukaryotic organism

similiar to protozoa

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20
Q

What are fungus balls associated with

A

aspergillomas

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21
Q

What do Ziehl-Neelsen/Kinyoun stains test for

A

mycobacteria acid fast staining, not specific to TB

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22
Q

Descrive mycobacteria

A

gram positive

acid fast rods

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23
Q

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare

A

complex of several mycobacteria

pulmonary infection resembling TB in immunocompromised pts

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24
Q

Mycobacterium kansasii

A

common in elderly and COPD pts

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25
Q

Virulence facts for haemophilus

A

LPS
IgA protease
PRP capsule

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26
Q

How do you treat Haemophlis

A

severe case - broad spectrum cephalosporin

less severe - amoxicillin

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27
Q

Vax for Haemophilis

A

Conjugate vax made from PRP capsule

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28
Q

Common bacterial agent for actue bronchitis

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

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29
Q

What is the agar for pertussis

A

bordet gengou

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30
Q

What is the structure of pertussis

A

gram neg coccobacilli

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31
Q

Major adhesin for pertussis

A

filamentous hemagglutinin

32
Q

Major toxin for pertussis

A

pertussis toxin

33
Q

What is the pertussis vax made of

A

acellular pertussis, detoxed pertussis toxin

34
Q

Purelent sputum is

A

typical pneumonia

35
Q

scant water mucoid sputum is

A

walking pneumonia

36
Q

foul smelling sputum is

A

anaerobic bacterial pneumonia

37
Q

How do you treat atypical pneumonia

A

tetracycline and erythromycin

38
Q

What is the virulence factor for mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

P1 adhesin

39
Q

describe chlamydophila pneumoniae

A

small gram neg

40
Q

What is the legionella pneumophila inside the cells

A

coccobacilli

41
Q

What is legionella pneumophilia outside the cell

A

pleomorphic

42
Q

What is the pathogenesis for legionella pneumophilia

A

target and attach to alveoloar macrophage using pili, flagella, proteins

43
Q

How do you treat legionella pneumophilia

A

macrolide or fluoroquiolone

44
Q

Characteristics of s. pneumoniae

A

gram positive diplococci

45
Q

How do you treat s. pneumonia that are sensitive

A

penicillin or macrolide

46
Q

How do you treat serious cases of s. pneumoniae

A

azithromycin plus cephalosporin

47
Q

Virulence factors of s. aureus

A

coagulase
protein A
PVL

48
Q

How do you treat s. aureus

A

penicillins/cephalosporins

49
Q

How do you treat MRSA

A

linezolid or vancomycin

50
Q

What are the virulence factors for klebsiella

A

LPS

capsule

51
Q

What are common complications to the common cold

A

otitis media
sinus infection
asthma

52
Q

Which virus has an icosahedral capsid

A

adenovirus

53
Q

What are the most common respiratory disease causing serotypes of adenoviruses

A

1,2 and 5

54
Q

What is the seasonal patern of adenoviruses

A

none

55
Q

What serotypes of adenoviruses are associated with GI disease

A

40 and 41

56
Q

What adenovirus serotypes have a vax for them

A

4 and 7

57
Q

Can coxsackiviruses survive low PH in the GI tract

A

yup

58
Q

What is the most common cause of acute croup

A

type 1

59
Q

What can type 3 parainfluenza cause

A

LRT infection

60
Q

What type of genome is parainfluenza viruses

A

-ssRNA

61
Q

What is a disease that has abundant PMN cells w/o significant + of bacteria

A

primary influenza virus pneumonia

62
Q

What is the fatality rate of primary influenza virus pneumonia

A

50%

63
Q

What are common causes of bacterial influenza associated pneumonia

A

s. pneumonia
s. aures
H. influenzae

64
Q

What is the transmission of SARS coronavirus

A

fecal oral

65
Q

What disease is adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with

A

SARS

66
Q

What family is RSV from

A

parmycovirus

67
Q

Is PSV envloped or not

A

enveloped

68
Q

What is the genome of RSV

A

-ssRNA

69
Q

How does aerosolized ribavirin treatment work

A

it’s a guanosine analogue that inhibits nucleotide biosynthesis

70
Q

WHich URT tissues are sterile

A

mastoid air cells, middle ear, sinuses, trachea, bronchi/bronchies, alveoli, conjuctiva

71
Q

What streptococcus is beta hemolytic

A

s. pyogees, s. agalactiae

72
Q

What are commona gents of otitis media

A

s. pneumoia
haemophilus
moraxella

73
Q

What are the common agents of sinutists

A

s. pneumoia
heamophilis
moraxella

74
Q

EB

A

metabolically inactive

infectious

75
Q

RB

A

metabolically active

noninfectious

76
Q

What disease can chlamydia trachmatis causes

A

trachoma, adult inclusion conjuctivis, neonatal conjuctivis, infant pneumo

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