micro exam 2 last minute Flashcards
Where does rhinocerebral zygomycosis originate in
sinuses
Where does rhinocerebral zygmoycosis spread to
neighboring tisues
Who gets zygomatic infections of the lungs
burn pts
Who gets zygomatic infections of GI tract
burn pts, neonates, premmies
Who gets zygomatic infections of skin
burn pts, traumatin incoulation
What forms can candida exist in
yeast, pseudohyphal, hypal
Presentation of trush
white patches in mouth, when they are scrapped off it’s red underneath
How do you treat thrust
mouth washes or lozenges of nystatin and azole compounds
What is the distrubtion of c. neuformans
pitbull - mr. worldwide
What is the appearance of histoplasmosis
tuberculate (bumpy)
Where does histoplasmosis spread
through the lympathic and reticulendothelial system
What symptoms distinguish histoplasmosis from TB
hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
How can you diagnose histoplasmosis
direct observation in tissues/samples
cultivate organisms from clinical samples
serology
What does blastomycosis disseminate into
ulcerative lesions of skin, bone, and urogential tract (want to blast through butthole)
What does disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis disseminate into
chronic cutaneous and mucocutaneous ulcers
What does coccidiodomycosis pulmonary disease start as
mild to moderate flu like symptoms
What can coccidiodomycosis disseminate into
infection of joints, skin, and CNS (desert rheumatism)
What is the leading form of fungal menigitis
cryptococcosis
Descrive the PCP organism
single cell eukaryotic organism
similiar to protozoa
What are fungus balls associated with
aspergillomas
What do Ziehl-Neelsen/Kinyoun stains test for
mycobacteria acid fast staining, not specific to TB
Descrive mycobacteria
gram positive
acid fast rods
Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
complex of several mycobacteria
pulmonary infection resembling TB in immunocompromised pts
Mycobacterium kansasii
common in elderly and COPD pts
Virulence facts for haemophilus
LPS
IgA protease
PRP capsule
How do you treat Haemophlis
severe case - broad spectrum cephalosporin
less severe - amoxicillin
Vax for Haemophilis
Conjugate vax made from PRP capsule
Common bacterial agent for actue bronchitis
mycoplasma pneumoniae
What is the agar for pertussis
bordet gengou
What is the structure of pertussis
gram neg coccobacilli
Major adhesin for pertussis
filamentous hemagglutinin
Major toxin for pertussis
pertussis toxin
What is the pertussis vax made of
acellular pertussis, detoxed pertussis toxin
Purelent sputum is
typical pneumonia
scant water mucoid sputum is
walking pneumonia
foul smelling sputum is
anaerobic bacterial pneumonia
How do you treat atypical pneumonia
tetracycline and erythromycin
What is the virulence factor for mycoplasma pneumoniae
P1 adhesin
describe chlamydophila pneumoniae
small gram neg
What is the legionella pneumophila inside the cells
coccobacilli
What is legionella pneumophilia outside the cell
pleomorphic
What is the pathogenesis for legionella pneumophilia
target and attach to alveoloar macrophage using pili, flagella, proteins
How do you treat legionella pneumophilia
macrolide or fluoroquiolone
Characteristics of s. pneumoniae
gram positive diplococci
How do you treat s. pneumonia that are sensitive
penicillin or macrolide
How do you treat serious cases of s. pneumoniae
azithromycin plus cephalosporin
Virulence factors of s. aureus
coagulase
protein A
PVL
How do you treat s. aureus
penicillins/cephalosporins
How do you treat MRSA
linezolid or vancomycin
What are the virulence factors for klebsiella
LPS
capsule
What are common complications to the common cold
otitis media
sinus infection
asthma
Which virus has an icosahedral capsid
adenovirus
What are the most common respiratory disease causing serotypes of adenoviruses
1,2 and 5
What is the seasonal patern of adenoviruses
none
What serotypes of adenoviruses are associated with GI disease
40 and 41
What adenovirus serotypes have a vax for them
4 and 7
Can coxsackiviruses survive low PH in the GI tract
yup
What is the most common cause of acute croup
type 1
What can type 3 parainfluenza cause
LRT infection
What type of genome is parainfluenza viruses
-ssRNA
What is a disease that has abundant PMN cells w/o significant + of bacteria
primary influenza virus pneumonia
What is the fatality rate of primary influenza virus pneumonia
50%
What are common causes of bacterial influenza associated pneumonia
s. pneumonia
s. aures
H. influenzae
What is the transmission of SARS coronavirus
fecal oral
What disease is adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with
SARS
What family is RSV from
parmycovirus
Is PSV envloped or not
enveloped
What is the genome of RSV
-ssRNA
How does aerosolized ribavirin treatment work
it’s a guanosine analogue that inhibits nucleotide biosynthesis
WHich URT tissues are sterile
mastoid air cells, middle ear, sinuses, trachea, bronchi/bronchies, alveoli, conjuctiva
What streptococcus is beta hemolytic
s. pyogees, s. agalactiae
What are commona gents of otitis media
s. pneumoia
haemophilus
moraxella
What are the common agents of sinutists
s. pneumoia
heamophilis
moraxella
EB
metabolically inactive
infectious
RB
metabolically active
noninfectious
What disease can chlamydia trachmatis causes
trachoma, adult inclusion conjuctivis, neonatal conjuctivis, infant pneumo
