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Physics Flashcards

Paper 1 and paper 2

1
Q

Phys: what is a longitudinal wave

A

It is a wave where vibrations of the particles is parallel to the direction of the wave

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2
Q

Phys: what is a transverse wave

A

Vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

Phys: how do you calculate wave period

A

Wave period = 1/ frequincy

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4
Q

Phys: how do you calculate frequency

A

Frequency=number of oscillations/time

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5
Q

Phys: how do you calculate wavespeed

A

Wavespeed = frequency x wavelength

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6
Q

Phys: what is a rarefraction

A

This is a reduction in density

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7
Q

Phys: what are p-waves

A

They are pressure waves that are longditudional

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8
Q

Phys: what happens to the particles after a longditudional wave passes

A

They are in the same position

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9
Q

Phys: what is wave period

A

It is the time for one wave to pass

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10
Q

Phys: what are electromagnetic waves

A

They are transverse waves that travel at the same speed in vacuum,

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11
Q

Phys: what are the 7 main types of electromagnetic wave is order of frequency from high to low

A

Gamma, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radiowave

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12
Q

Phys: what are the uses of gamma waves

A

Medical therapy, astronomy, steralisation

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13
Q

Phys: what are the uses of x-rays

A

To treat camcer and to diagnose injury

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14
Q

Phys: what are the uses of ultraviolet rays

A

Sun tanning, disinfecting, photography for medicine and phorensics

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15
Q

Phys: what are the uses of visible light rays

A

Screens, vision

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16
Q

Phys: what are the uses of infrared rays

A

Tv remotes, security

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17
Q

Phys: what are the uses of microwaves

A

Signal transmission
Heating up food 😋🥐

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18
Q

Phys: what are the uses of radiowaves

A

Radio and communication

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19
Q

Phys: what is the range of human hearing

A

20-20000Hz

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20
Q

Phys: what is infrasound

A

Sound below 20Hz

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21
Q

Phys: what is ultrasound

A

Sound above 20000Hz

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22
Q

Phys: what is a photon and how fast do they move

A

They are packets of energy and travel at 300,000,000 m/s

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23
Q

Phys: what is a wave

A

They vibrate and oscilate and transfer energy without transferring mass

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24
Q

Phys: what is the rest position for a wave also known as

A

Equilibrium

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25
Q

Phys: what is the speed of sound in are

A

330 to 340 m/s, the warmer the air the sound travels faster.

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26
Q

Phys: what happens to the speed of sound when the medium gets more rigid

A

The speed gets faster

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27
Q

Phys: what does a step up transformer do

A

It increases pd and reduces current

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28
Q

Phys: what does a step down transformer do

A

It decrease pd and increases current

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29
Q

Phys: what is newtons first law

A

An object at rest will remain at rest

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30
Q

Phys: what is newtons second law

A

An object will accelerate in response to a resultant force.
F = ma ( force = mass X acceleration )

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31
Q

Phys: what is newtons third law

A

Every action must have an equal and opposite reaction

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32
Q

Phys: what is velocty

A

It is a vector quantity that measures speed and distance.

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33
Q

Phys: what is a scalar quantity

A

It is a quantity measured solely by one value

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34
Q

Phys: what is mass

A

It is the measure of the amount of matter in an object

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35
Q

Phys: what is weight

A

The force caused by gravity a ting on a mass.

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36
Q

Phys: what is the equation for word done

A

W = F x D

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37
Q

Phys: what is displacement (forces)

A

The distance traveled in a certain direction

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38
Q

Phys: what is gravity

A

All objects with mass have a force of attraction with other objects with mass

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39
Q

Phys: how many forces must you apply to an object to strech or compress it

A

2

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40
Q

Phys: what is the equation for spring constant

A

Force / extension

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41
Q

Phys: what is the equation for epe

A

0.5 x k x e2 (half spring comstant x extension squared)

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42
Q

Phys: what is the absorber dose of radiation

A

It is the amount of ionsing radiation absorbed by the cells

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43
Q

Phys: what happens to resistance in parallet

A

It is smaller than the smallest resistor

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44
Q

Phys: what happens to current in paralell

A

Current splits

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45
Q

Phys: what happens to p.d. in parallel

A

P.d. Is constant among the loops

46
Q

Phys: what happens to current in series

A

Current is constant

47
Q

Phys: what happens to p.d. In series

A

P.d. Is shared among the components

48
Q

Phys: what happens to resistance in series

A

It is a sum if the resistors

49
Q

Phys: what is electrical work done

A

It is the work done when current flows, its equation is e = v x i x t

50
Q

Phys: how many electrons in one coloumb

A

6.24 x 10^18 electrons

51
Q

Phys: what is current

A

The rate of flow of charge

52
Q

Phys: what is potential differnece

A

It is a measure if work done / energy transferred per coloumb of charge

53
Q

Phys: which direction does conventional current flow

A

Anti clockwise

54
Q

Phys: how is resistance caused in a wire

A

The electrons collide with he side of the wire or on the metal ions in the wire because the electrons do not take a straight path

55
Q

Phys: what is ohms law and name one ohmic conductor

A

Current is directly proportional to resistance, a reisstor follows ohms law

56
Q

Phys: what is direct potential differnece

A

P.d. With a constant polarity

57
Q

Phys: what is alternating p.d.

A

P.d. Polarity keeps switching

58
Q

Phys: what is mains electrisity in hz and p.d.

A

50Hz alternating p.d. And 230v

59
Q

Phys: what is chemical energy stored in

A

The bonds in the atoms

60
Q

Phys: what is inertia

A

It is a measure of how difficult it is to change an objects motion, the greater the mass the greater the intencity

61
Q

Phys: what is activity

A

The amount of deacys per second

62
Q

Phys: what is a bequerel

A

Bq it is the unit of activity

63
Q

Phys: what is a half life

A

The avarage time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei to decay

64
Q

Phys: what is the equation for latent heat

A

Energy/mass

65
Q

Phys: what is latent heat

A

The energy required to change a substances state without changing its temeprature

66
Q

Phys: what is specific heat capacity

A

The energy required to change the temp of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree C

67
Q

Phys: what is nuclear fusion

A

Is is where small nuclei form larger particles

68
Q

Phys: during fusion what elements and what else is produced

A

Deuterium, tritium, helium is produced and one neutron

69
Q

Phys: what is binding energy

A

The energy required to remove a particle from a system

70
Q

Phys: what is sublimation

A

When a substance changes state from solid to gas without becoming a liquid

71
Q

Phys: what is the equation for pressure

A

Force / area

72
Q

Phys: what is the specific heat capacity of water

A

4200 j/kg°C

73
Q

Phys: what materials are attracted by magnets

A

Magnetic (cobalt nickel iron) or charged objects

74
Q

Phys: why is a magnet stronger closer to the pole

A

Bc it is where the lines of magnetic flux converge

75
Q

Phys: what is wave period

A

Time taken for one oscilation

76
Q

Phys: define a magnetic field

A

The region around a magnet, or moving charged particle, where another magnet or charged particle will have a force exerted upon it

77
Q

Phys: describe thr magnetic field around a wire with current flowing

A

When current is flowing a magnetic field is formed in concentric (getting bigger the further you go out) circles around the wire that is stronger the closer you are to it

78
Q

Phys: if you increase the current in a wire what happens to the magnetic field

A

The strength of the magnetic field increases

79
Q

Phys: what happens to the magnetic field of a wire if you reverse the direction if current

A

The magnet field reverses

80
Q

Phys: what is a solenoid and what does it do when current flows

A

A solenoid is a coil of wire, when current flows it acts as a magnet/its magnetic field resembles that of a bar magnet

81
Q

Phys: what is conventional current

A

Current flowing from pos to neg

82
Q

Phys: inside a solenoid when current flows what are the properties of the magnetic field

A

The field is strong and uniform

83
Q

Phys: if you place an iron object in a solenoid at its north pole what will that iron object gain

A

A north pole

84
Q

Phys: define half life in 3 ways

A
  • time for activity to half
  • time for count rate to half
  • time for number of radioactive isotopes to decay
85
Q

Phys: how do you calculate rate on a curve

A

Draw a tangent and do change in y over change in x

86
Q

Phys: what is activity (equation)

A

Number of decays / time, measured in Bq

87
Q

Phys: explain how you get an electric shock from a live wire

A
  • You complete the circuit by grounding it
  • there is a potential difference between you and the wire
  • current flows through you
88
Q

Phys: define electric fields, what direction does it go

A

The region around a charged particle where another charged particle will feel a force, it goes from positive to negative, or in a positive charge outward

89
Q

Phys: define velocity

A

The speed in a certain direction

90
Q

Phys: define induced magnet

A

It is an object that is a magnet when it is in a magneti field

91
Q

Phys: what is a GJ

A

Billion joules

92
Q

Phys: describe the process of nuclear fission

A

-uranium NUCLEUS
-absorbs a neutron
-becomes unstable and splits, forming 2 smaller daughter nuclei of similar size
-releases 2 or 3 neutrons gamma rays and some mass converted to energy

93
Q

Phys: what is the equation for charge

A

Q = E / V

94
Q

Phys: what is the equation for electrical enrgy

A

E = Q x V

95
Q

Phys: what happens to an LDR when light intensity increases

A

Resistance decreases
Current increases

96
Q

Phys: what happens to a thermistor when heat increases

A

Resistance decreases
Current increases

97
Q

Phys: what is faster to cool down, high or low specific heat capacity

A

Low

98
Q

Phys what is slower to cool down, high or low specific heat capacity

A

High

99
Q

Phys: what happens in beta decay

A

One neutron splits into a proton and an electron, this increases the charge of the nucleus, the proton number goes up

100
Q

Phys: define pressure

A

Force per unit area

101
Q

Phys: if you touch a van de Graf generator what charge do you gain

A

The same charge as the generator

102
Q

Phys: what is the average range for human reaction speed

A

0.2 to 0.9

103
Q

Phys: what aid the equation for stopping distance

A

Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance

104
Q

Phys: What affect foes mass have on breaking distance

A

Greater mass = greater Ke, means it takes longer to stop with the same friction and speed

105
Q

Phys: what equation links resistance, power and current

A

P = I^2R

106
Q

Phys: what equation links power, current and voltage

A

P = IV

107
Q

Phys: what equation links voltage current and resistance

A

V = IR

108
Q

Phys: what is the equation for Ke

A

Ke = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2

109
Q

Phys: what is the equation for elastic potential energy

A

Epe = 1/2 x constant x extension^2

110
Q

Phys: what is the equation for GPE

A

GPE = M x H x G ( Mass X Hight X Gravity )

111
Q

Phys: what is the equation that links charge, time and current

A

Charge = current x time
Q = It

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