Physical Science Lesson 5 Flashcards
are the simplest and smallest particle composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms
is a positively charged particle inside the nucleus.
proton
is a neutral particle also inside the nucleus.
neutron
is a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus.
electron
are substances that cannot be broken down any further by chemical means. There are over 100!
Elements
is the arrangement of these elements by increasing atomic number and similar properties.
The Periodic Table
the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic number
the mass of an atom including the protons, neutrons and electrons.
Average atomic mass
Each element on the Periodic Table has a
atomic number, symbol, name and average atomic mass.
is the same with the number of orbits or energy level.
Period
is the same number of valence electrons
Group number
is the electron in the outermost shell of an element.
Valence electron
Electrons in the outermost shell can be represented by an_______?
Electron Dot Structure
The major categories of elements
Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
are lustrous, malleable, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals
are elements that do not share the properties of metals.
Non-metals
are elements that share some, but not all the properties of metals.
Metalloids
means being able to allow electricity and heat to flow through.
Good Conductor
means capable of being shaped.
Malleable
means shiny or reflective of light.
Lustrous
Elements in Group 1 (not including Hydrogen). Very reactive metals. Always combine with something else in nature.
Alkali Metals
Elements in Group 2. Reactive Metals that are always combined with non-metals in nature. Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients, like Calcium.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Elements in Groups 3-12.
Less reactive, harder metals.
Includes metals used in jewelry, money and construction.
Transition Metals
Elements in Group 13.
Boron has properties of both metals and non-metals.
The rest of the elements in this group are metals.
Boron Family
Elements in Group 14. Contains elements important to life and computers. Carbon is the basic element in all organic compounds. Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
Carbon Family
Elements in Group 15.
Nitrogen makes up more than ¾ of our atmosphere.
The red tip of matches is made of phosphorous.
Nitrogen Family
Elements in Group 16.
Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
Many things that have a bad odor contain sulfur.
Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
Elements in Group 17.
Very reactive, diatomic non-metals. Always found combined with other elements in nature. Chlorine is used to keep bacteria out of swimming pools
Halogens
Elements in Group 18.
VERY reactive gases.
Used in lighted neon signs.
Helium is used to make party balloons float
Noble Gases
