Physical Science Lesson 5 Flashcards

1
Q

are the simplest and smallest particle composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

A

Atoms

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2
Q

is a positively charged particle inside the nucleus.

A

proton

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3
Q

is a neutral particle also inside the nucleus.

A

neutron

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4
Q

is a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus.

A

electron

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5
Q

are substances that cannot be broken down any further by chemical means. There are over 100!

A

Elements

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6
Q

is the arrangement of these elements by increasing atomic number and similar properties.

A

The Periodic Table

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7
Q

the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Atomic number

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8
Q

the mass of an atom including the protons, neutrons and electrons.

A

Average atomic mass

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9
Q

Each element on the Periodic Table has a

A

atomic number, symbol, name and average atomic mass.

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10
Q

is the same with the number of orbits or energy level.

A

Period

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11
Q

is the same number of valence electrons

A

Group number

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12
Q

is the electron in the outermost shell of an element.

A

Valence electron

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13
Q

Electrons in the outermost shell can be represented by an_______?

A

Electron Dot Structure

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14
Q

The major categories of elements

A

Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

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15
Q

are lustrous, malleable, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.

A

Metals

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16
Q

are elements that do not share the properties of metals.

A

Non-metals

17
Q

are elements that share some, but not all the properties of metals.

A

Metalloids

18
Q

means being able to allow electricity and heat to flow through.

A

Good Conductor

19
Q

means capable of being shaped.

20
Q

means shiny or reflective of light.

21
Q

Elements in Group 1 (not including Hydrogen). Very reactive metals. Always combine with something else in nature.

A

Alkali Metals

22
Q

Elements in Group 2. Reactive Metals that are always combined with non-metals in nature. Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients, like Calcium.

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

23
Q

Elements in Groups 3-12.
Less reactive, harder metals.
Includes metals used in jewelry, money and construction.

A

Transition Metals

24
Q

Elements in Group 13.
Boron has properties of both metals and non-metals.
The rest of the elements in this group are metals.

A

Boron Family

25
Elements in Group 14. Contains elements important to life and computers. Carbon is the basic element in all organic compounds. Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
Carbon Family
26
Elements in Group 15. Nitrogen makes up more than ¾ of our atmosphere. The red tip of matches is made of phosphorous.
Nitrogen Family
27
Elements in Group 16. Oxygen is necessary for respiration. Many things that have a bad odor contain sulfur.
Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
28
Elements in Group 17. Very reactive, diatomic non-metals. Always found combined with other elements in nature. Chlorine is used to keep bacteria out of swimming pools
Halogens
29
Elements in Group 18. VERY reactive gases. Used in lighted neon signs. Helium is used to make party balloons float
Noble Gases
30