Microbiology Topic 12

Question 1

made of monomer building blocks called nucleotides.

Answer 1

Nucleic Acid

Question 2

Prokaryotic DNA is packaged (coiled) differently than eukaryotic DNA. That is why some antibiotics can target prokaryotic nucleic acid while not hurting the DNA of our cells (selective toxicity).

Answer 2

Prokaryote Genetics

Question 3

Like prokaryotes, insofar as genome is also made of DNA; may include several to many linear chromosomes within a membrane-bound nucleus.

Answer 3

Eukaryote Genetics

Question 4

Two Locations of Eukaryotic DNA

Answer 4

1. Nuclear DNA (located in nucleus)
2. Extranuclear DNA (located in mitochondria/chloroplast)

Question 5

show more variety in nature of their genomes than do cells, can be DNA or RNA; never both, may be linear and composed of several segments or single and circular. much smaller than genomes of cells

Answer 5

Genetic Material of Viruses

Question 6

process of copying DNA, happens in all types of cells (prokaryotes and eukaryotes); Before a cell divides, it must first make a copy of its genetic material.

Answer 6

Replication

Question 7

After the genetic material is copied, the prokaryotic cell divides.

Answer 7

Prokaryote Genetics – Cell Division

Question 8

two identical daughter cells arise from one parent cell.

Answer 8

Binary Fission

Question 9

Eukaryote Genetics – Cell Division

Answer 9

Mitosis & Meiosis

Question 10

division for somatic cells and for the asexual reproduction

Answer 10

Mitosis

Question 11

division for the production of gametes in sexual reproduction

Answer 11

Meiosis

Question 12

Transcription & Translation

Answer 12

Nucleic Acid Function

Question 13

DNA is copied to RNA

Answer 13

Transcription

Question 14

RNA is used to produce proteins

Answer 14

Translation

Question 15

base RNA have but DNA doesn’t

Answer 15

Uracil

Question 16

base DNA have but RNA doesn’t

Answer 16

Thymine

Question 17

Types of RNA

Answer 17

1. Messenger (mRNA)
2. Ribosomal (rRNA)
3. Transfer (tRNA)

Question 18

copy of information in DNA that is brought to the ribosomes where the information is translated into a protein (blue print)

Answer 18

Messenger (mRNA)

Question 19

the protein factories of the cells (factory)

Answer 19

Ribosomal (rRNA)

Question 20

brings the amino acid to the ribosome (transport)

Answer 20

Transfer (tRNA)

Question 21

is an enzyme that cuts up and deactivates penicillin; one bacterial protein that confers penicillin resistance

Answer 21

Beta-lactamase

Question 22

organisms replicate their genomes and provide copies to descendants (passing on genes to descendants)

Answer 22

Vertical gene transfer

Question 23

donor contributes part of genome to recipient that are not descendants

Answer 23

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 24

bacteria take up DNA from their environment

Answer 24

Transformation

Question 25

bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) move genes from one cell to another

Answer 25

Transduction

Question 26

bacteria directly transfer genes to another cell

Answer 26

Bacterial Conjugation