Physical Laws Flashcards
At a constant pressure, the volume of a confined gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature in Kelvin
Charles’ Law
At a constant temperature, the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure to which the gas is subjected:
Boyle’s Law
The state of an ideal gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature according to the equation:
The Ideal Gas Law
Equal volumes of gases under identical temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of particles (atoms, ions, molecules, electrons, etc.).
Avogadro’s Law
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed, though it can be rearranged. Mass remains constant in an ordinary chemical change.
Conservation of Mass
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; the energy of the universe is constant. This is the First Law of Thermodynamics.
Conservation of Energy
The pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.
Dalton’s Law
The total energy of the universe is constant and can neither be created nor destroyed. This law is also known as Conservation of Energy.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy increases over time. Another way of stating this law is to say that heat cannot flow, on its own, from an area of cold to an area of hot.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The ratio between the combining volumes of gases and the product (if gaseous) can be expressed in small whole numbers.
Gay-Lussac’s Law
The physical law of gravity states that an object attracts another object in direct proportion to their combined mass and inversely related to the square of the distance between them.
Law of Universal Gravitation
States that it is impossible to create a thermodynamic process that is perfectly efficient.
The Third Law of Thermodynamics
The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the magnitude of each charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. If the objects have the same charge, positive or negative, they will repel each other. If they have opposite charges, they will attract each other.
Coulomb’s Law
This law states that the net flow of an electric field through a closed surface is proportional to the enclosed electric charge. He proposed similar laws relating to magnetism and electromagnetism as a whole.
Gauss’s Law
A physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance.
Quantum entanglement
