Physical Factors

Question 1

WHAT CAN AFFECT THE GROWTH/SURVIVAL OF BACTERIA?

Answer 1

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
PHYSICAL FACTORS
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

Question 2

• Energy
• C, H, O, N, P, S
• Salts
• Trace elements
• Vitamins

Answer 2

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Question 3

• Temperature
• pH
• Osmotic pressure
• Moisture
• Gas Requirements
• Radiation

Answer 3

PHYSICAL FACTORS

Question 4

• Relationship with other microorganisms
• Competitive, mutualistic, etc

Answer 4

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

Question 5

For Temperature:

Answer 5

incubators set at -20, 37, 56 °C

Question 6

For pH:

Answer 6

1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl

Question 7

For Osmotic pressure:

Answer 7

Plates with 0.85%, 2.0%, 10%, 20% NaCl

Question 8

For Gas Requirements:

Answer 8

Thioglycollate and pyrogallol and KOH

Question 9

For Desiccation:

Answer 9

incubator and Locker

Question 10

For Radiation:

Answer 10

UV Chamber

Question 11

range of temperature where a particular microorganism can grow: minimum, optimum, maximum

Answer 11

CARDINAL TEMPERATURE

Question 12

affects the functions enzymes, membranes, ribosomes and other cell components

Answer 12

Temperature

Question 13

psychrophiles CARDINAL TEMPERATURE

Answer 13

20 °C for maximal growth, 15 °C or lower for optimal growth, and 0 °C or lower for minimum growth

Question 14

mesophiles CARDINAL TEMPERATURE

Answer 14

20 - 45°C

Question 15

thermophiles CARDINAL TEMPERATURE

Answer 15

above 45 ℃ (for moderate thermophiles), 65 ℃ (for extreme thermophiles) and 80 ℃ (for hyperthermophiles)

Question 16

hyperthermophiles CARDINAL TEMPERATURE

Answer 16

80 and 110°C

Question 17

affects almost all of the metabolic processes
Enzyme activity and structure can be affected
can also disrupt membrane functions

Answer 17

pH

Question 18

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane due to a concentration gradient

Answer 18

Osmosis

Question 19

is the minimum pressure required to stop the net movement of water

Answer 19

Osmotic pressure

Question 20

↑solute concentration

Answer 20

↑osmotic pressure

Question 21

survives only in physiological saline (0.85%)

Answer 21

Non tolerant

Question 22

tolerateS high salt concentration, optimal at physiological saline

Answer 22

Halotolerant

Question 23

requires high salt concentration to grow (1.7% to 20%)

Answer 23

Halophile

Question 24

requires even higher salt concentration (20% to 30%)

Answer 24

Extreme Halophile

Question 25

can produce higher amount of energy than anaerobic respiration and Fermentation

Answer 25

aerobic respiration

Question 26

also generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Answer 26

aerobic respiration