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LBYBI13 > MICROSCOPE > Flashcards

MICROSCOPE Flashcards

1
Q

A lab instrument used to view and examine objects that are too small to be seen by the
naked eye.

A

Microscope

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2
Q

Light coming from a light source (mirror or bulb) will travel through the

A

specimen

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3
Q

The light hitting the specimen will be focused (concentrated) by a lens or set of lenses called

A

objectives

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4
Q

The focused light will now travel the tube/body through the ________ which further increases the magnification

A

eyepiece

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5
Q

final image that an observer sees when viewing a microscope

A

virtual image

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6
Q

virtual image can be affected by many factors, which can also be manipulated to get better quality images. Some of these factors are:

A

● The type of light (electromagnetic spectrum) used
● The properties or size of the object being observed
● Lens type and placement
● Contrast

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7
Q

The degree on how a device can enlarge an object/specimen. In microscopes, this is provided by the lens.

A

Magnification

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8
Q

Total magnification formula

A

(Objective magnification) x (Eyepiece magnification)

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9
Q

Ability of a microscope to differentiate two adjacent objects as discrete entities

A

Resolution

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10
Q

wavelength of light and numerical aperture (NA)

A

Resolution

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11
Q

Resolving power formula

A

wavelength / 2 x Numerical aperture

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12
Q

Numerical aperture

A

dictates the light gathering ability of the objective and the condenser

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13
Q

Numerical aperture formula

A

= n sin (theta), where n = 1.0

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14
Q

Measure of the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another

A

Refractive index

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15
Q

Lights bends as it passes through the glass side which can cause

A

light dispersion

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16
Q

can be used to lessen dispersion as it has same index as glass in higher magnification

A

oil

17
Q

Light source e.g., mirror or light bulb

A

Illumination

18
Q

collects the light from the light source and form into a cone of light that is focused on the
specimen

A

Condenser

19
Q

Used to adjust the size of the opening (aperture) in which the light passes through before reaching the condenser

A

Diaphragm

20
Q

During observation, most microscope objectives can be switched with minimal refocusing

A

Parfocality of Microscopes

21
Q

maintain focus even when focal length is changed

A

Parfocal lenses

22
Q

Interaction of the light and the specimen

Adding contrast between the specimen and the background can aid in the viewing the details of the specimen.

A

Contrast

23
Q

Two-dimensional Imaging

A

Bright Field Microscope
Phase Contrast Microscope
Dark Field Microscope
Fluorescence Microscope

24
Q

Three-dimensional Imaging

A

Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CLSM)

25
Q

Electron Microscope

A

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

26
Q

specimens are visualized because of differences in contrast (density) between the specimen and surrounding.

Uses two set of lenses (objective and ocular)

Maximum magnification ~ 2,000X

A

Bright Field Microscope

27
Q

Uses a phase ring

creates contrast without the use of dyes

Live samples can be observed

Dark cells on light background

A

Phase Contrast Microscope

28
Q

it can induce phase shifts due to brightness variation

A

phase ring

29
Q

Light from light source is blocked of thus light reaches the specimen from the side

Best for observing motility

A

Dark Field Microscope

30
Q

Visualize specimens that fluoresce

Fluorescence can be natural or
induced (through staining e.g. using
DAPI)

Used in microbial ecology for enumeration of bacterial population

A

Fluorescence Microscope

31
Q

emit light when it absorbs other wavelengths of light

A

fluoresce

32
Q

Uses polarizer w/c creates two distinct beams of polarized light
The polarized light can make some cell structure (e.g. vacuole, endospores, etc.) appear 3D

A

Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) Microscopy

33
Q

Computerized microscope + laser source

The computer focuses the laser on single layers of the specimen

Resolution is 0.1 μm

A

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CLSM)

34
Q

Electromagnets serves as lenses
High magnification and high resolution
(0.2 nm)
Requires a vacuum and specimens
should be sliced thinly (20-60 nm)

A

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

35
Q

stain used for Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

A

uranyl acetate and lead citrate

36
Q

Beams of electron hits heavy metal coated specimen
heavy metal coat is used
The electrons that will scatter will hit the detectors rendering an image
Magnification 15x to 100,000 x

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

LBYBI13 (6 decks)

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