Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LBYBI13 > FUNGI > Flashcards

FUNGI Flashcards

1
Q

● Eukaryotic
● Spore-bearing, heterotrophic organisms
● Exhibit sexual/asexual reproduction
● Made up of filamentous somatic structures

A

FUNGI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

fungi have rigid cell walls because of

A

chitinous/cellulosic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fungi have ____________ in their cell membrane

A

ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Study of mushrooms

A

Mycology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unicellular, mostly reproduce by budding.
Some would form buds that would fail to detach from its mother cell forming a pseudohyphae.

A

YEAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Multicellular
Produces hyphae - fundamental tube -like or filamentous structures
Mycelium/mycelia

A

MOLDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mat/mass of hypha that makes up the thallus of the fungi

A

Mycelium/mycelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

types of hyphae

A

septate
coenocytic
septate with clamp connection
with arthroconidia and disjunctor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

grow on or down into the agar surface to extract nutrients from the medium

A

vegetative hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Grow above the surface of a medium and produce asexual reproductive spores. They make up the aerial mycelium, which produces asexual reproductive spores.

A

Aerial hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Exhibits both unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (mold) structures

can be triggered by many factors such as temperature, oxygen concentration, nutrients etc

A

DIMORPHIC FUNGI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sexual reproduction involves meiosis,
while asexual reproduction involves
mitosis

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sexual spores are called

A

teleomorph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

asexual spores are called

A

anamorph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two types of asexual spores:

A

Conidia
Sporangiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

asexual spores
originates from phialides or transforms from vegetative cells (present in most pathogenic fungi)

A

Conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

asexual spores
produced in a structure called sporangium (found in Order Mucorales)

A

Sporangiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what do
Arthrospores,
Blastoconidia
Chlamydospores
have in common

A

conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mycelium
ZYGOMYCETES
ASCOMYCETES
BASIDIOMYCETES
DEUTEROMYCETES

A

ZYGOMYCETES
Nonseptate
ASCOMYCETES
Septate
BASIDIOMYCETES
Septate
DEUTEROMYCETES
Septate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Asexual spores
ZYGOMYCETES
ASCOMYCETES
BASIDIOMYCETES
DEUTEROMYCETES

A

ZYGOMYCETES
Found in sporangium; sporangiospores
ASCOMYCETES
Formed on tip of conidiophore; conidia
BASIDIOMYCETES
Formed on tip of conidiophore; conidia
DEUTEROMYCETES
Formed on tip of conidiophore; conidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sexual spores
ZYGOMYCETES
ASCOMYCETES
BASIDIOMYCETES
DEUTEROMYCETES

A

ZYGOMYCETES
Zygospores
ASCOMYCETES
Ascospores
BASIDIOMYCETES
Basidiospores
DEUTEROMYCETES
no sexual phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

(motile), found in terrestrial; oospores, found in aquatic forms

A

Zygospores

23
Q

contained in a saclike structure call the ascus

A

Ascospores

24
Q

carried on the outer surface of a club-shaped cell called the basidium

A

Basidiospores

25
Q

no sexual phase observed; some members of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes are included

A

Fungi Imperfecti

26
Q

is important in the identification of fungi.

A

Gross colonial morphology

27
Q

a growth medium used to cultivate and isolate yeasts and mold

A

sabouraud dextrose agar;

28
Q

some types of media used for fungal culture:

A

Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)
Corn Meal Agar (CMA)
Malt Extract Agar (MEA)
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)
Czapek-Dox Agar (CZ)

29
Q

some types of media used for fungal culture:
General purpose medium used for the isolation of fungi and molds. Sometimes can be too rich and will encourage mold sporulation and pigment production some dermatophytes

A

Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)

30
Q

some types of media used for fungal culture:
used for growing a wide range of fungi, specially members of the deuteromycetes (Fungi Imperfecti). Provides good balance of mycelial growth and sporulation due to less easily digestible carbohydrate

A

Corn Meal Agar (CMA)

31
Q

some types of media used for fungal culture:
frequently used for culturing fungi inhabiting soil and wood. _________ agar lacks peptone, and is useful for culturing Ascomycetes, where sporulation in some species can be inhibited by the presence of peptone.

A

Malt Extract Agar (MEA)

32
Q

some types of media used for fungal culture:
This medium is used for isolation and culture of saprophytic soil fungi

A

Czapek-Dox Agar (CZ)

33
Q

Culture considerations

A

● Fungal cultures are incubated at room temperature
● Visible growth requires from several days to several weeks
● Cultures should be maintained in a high-humidity environment.

34
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION of fungi

A

Saline wet mount
Lactophenol cotton blue wet mount
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Gram stain
India ink
Calcofluor white stain

35
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION of fungi
Viewing of fungal elements (e.g. hyphae, conidia, budding cells)

A

Saline wet mount

36
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION of fungi
Stain and preserve fungal elements in culture isolates

A

Lactophenol cotton blue wet mount

37
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION of fungi
Used to dissolve non-fungal materials in skin, nail, and hair samples

A

Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

38
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION of fungi
Used to view yeasts

A

Gram stain

39
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION of fungi
Stains capsules

A

India ink

40
Q

DIRECT OBSERVATION of fungi
Stains chitin

A

Calcofluor white stain

41
Q

SLIDE PREPARATION

A

Tease mount method
Cellophane tape method
Slide culture method

42
Q

SLIDE PREPARATION
Dissecting needle is used to pull apart a fungal colony which is then placed on a slide. This method may damage fungal structures such as conidia.

A

Tease mount method

43
Q

SLIDE PREPARATION
Performed to transfer hyphae from the colony to a microscope slide for microscopic examination.

A

Cellophane tape method

44
Q

SLIDE PREPARATION
Uses a block of agar overlaid with a coverslip. Fungi are grown on the side of the agar block. Following incubation, coverslip is removed and used for microscopic examination

A

Slide culture method

45
Q

Solid fungal growth on solid surfaces allows the examination and observation of gross colonial morphology among different genera of molds

Variations in colonial appearance are significant in fungal identification of filamentous fungi.

A

Agar block method

46
Q

AGAR BLOCK METHOD

A

Using an inoculating needle, aseptically cut out a small portion of the colony margin of the provided fungal culture plate. Excised colony margin should be about 1 mm square. (Hyphal tip transfers work best because this is the most active part of the culture)

Transfer the square of colony margin to a sterile fungal medium and place the agar block at the center of the agar surface, withdraw the needle and flame-sterilized (Note: Necessary to kill all adhering spores and hyphae)

Incubate inoculated plates at room temperature, 25ºC for 7-10 days. (Note: Do not invert the plates).

47
Q

is used to allow examination of structural components of molds with little disturbance as possible.

Spores are inoculated in the agar surface and incubated in a moist environment. Direct microscopic observation can be performed without damaging the structure.

A

Riddell slide culture technique

48
Q

Riddell slide culture technique

A
  1. Place a sheet of sterile filter paper in a petri dish using a sterile forceps (Note: Do this aseptically)
  2. Place the sterile U-shaped rod on the filter paper (Note: Rod can be sterilized by flaming)
  3. Pour enough sterile water on the filter paper to moisten it.
  4. Aseptically, using a forcep, place a sterile slide on the U-shaped rod.
  5. Sterilize a scalpel by flaming, and cut an approximately 5 mm square block of Sabouraud agar from the agar plate. Gently pick the agar block by inserting the scalpel and transfer to the center of the slide.
  6. Inoculate the four slides of the agar block with spores of mycelia of the fungus to be studied and examined. (Note: Make sure to flame and cool the loop before picking up the fungal spores)
  7. Place a sterile cover glass on the upper layer/surface of the inoculated agar block.
  8. Cover the petri dish and incubate at room temperature for 48 hours. (Note: Remoisten filter paper when necessary during incubation)
  9. Following incubation, examine the slide under low power magnification for presence of hyphae and spores. If growth is inadequate and spores are not present, extend incubation for another 24-48 hours
  10. Examine each slide preparation under the microscope (PART 2B: Morphology of Fungi).
    Identify structures such as mycelial mat, vegetative and reproductive hyphae, and spores.
49
Q

stain the fungal chitin in the cell wall and identification of molds can be performed on the basis of their microscopic characteristics.

Fungal elements are stained intensely blue

A

Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB)

50
Q

Lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) components and functions

A

Lactic acid - preservative
phenol - disinfectant
cotton blue - stains chitin

51
Q

tease Mount Preparation

A
  1. Aseptically, using a bent wire or inoculating needle, carefully pick a portion of the fungus from the culture plate.
  2. Transfer on a sterile slide containing a drop of lactophenol cotton blue.
  3. Tease the hyphae of the fungi using the bent wire or inoculating needle.
  4. Place a cover slip and examine under the microscope
52
Q

Scotch Tape Method

A
  1. Take a clean microscope slice and place a
    drop of LPCB on it.
  2. Touch the adhesive side of the scotch tapes on the surface of the colony at a point between the center the periphery of the culture.
  3. Fix the adhesive side on an area on the glass slide with LPCB.
  4. Observe slide under the microscope.
53
Q

colony textures

A

a. Glabrous (leathery)
b. Velvety
c. Yeast-like
d. Cottony
e. Granular (powdery)

54
Q

colony topography

A

a. Flat
b. Rugos (with radial grooves)
c. Folded
d. Crateriform
e. Verrucose (warty, rough)
f. Cerebriform (brain-like

LBYBI13 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions