Physical Chemistry

Question 0

Arrhenius alkali

Answer 0

OH– ions in water

Question 1

Arrhenius acid

Answer 1

H* ions in water

Question 2

Problem with Arrhenius definition

Answer 2

HCl + NH3 –> NH4Cl
Neutralisation reaction
But neither HCl is an acid by this definition or NH3 a base

Question 3

Brønstead-Lowry theory

Answer 3

Acid= H* donor
Alkali= H* acceptor

Question 4

Metal + acid

Answer 4

Salt + hydrogen

Question 5

Metal oxide

Answer 5

Base

Question 6

Metal oxide + acid

Answer 6

Salt + water

Question 7

Metal hydroxide

Answer 7

Alkali

Question 8

Metal hydroxide + acid

Answer 8

Salt + water

Question 9

Metal carbonate + acid

Answer 9

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 10

Ammonia + acid

Answer 10

Salt

Question 11

Nitric acid

Answer 11

HNO3

Nitrate

Question 12

Hydrochloride acid

Answer 12

HCl

Chloride

Question 13

Sulphuric acid

Answer 13

H2SO4

Sulphate

Question 14

Carbonic acid

Answer 14

H2CO3

Question 15

Making salts

Answer 15

NEUTRALISATION REACTION
1. Carbonate = bubbling (heat to get rid of all acid) then excess carbonate filtered off.
2. Base = insoluble but no bubbles so add an excess of base.
3. Alkali = ?
Indicator then remove with decolourising charcoal
Titration

Question 16

Calorimity

Answer 16

Uses changes in water temp to calculate the energy change

Question 17

Delta H=

Answer 17

m x 4.2 x change in temp (delta t)

Question 18

To compare delta H

Answer 18

Delta H divided by moles

Question 19

Delta H converted to joules per gram

Answer 19

Delta H divided by mass of solid dissolved

Question 20

Delta H converted to joules per mole

Answer 20

Delta H divided by moles of solid dissolved

Question 21

Salts of sodium

Answer 21

Soluble

Question 22

Salts of potassium

Answer 22

Soluble

Question 23

Salts of ammonium

Answer 23

Soluble

Question 24

Nitrates

Answer 24

Soluble

Question 25

Chlorides

Answer 25

Soluble

Question 26

Silver chloride

Answer 26

Insoluble

Question 27

Sulfates

Answer 27

Soluble

Question 28

Barium sulfate

Answer 28

Insoluble

Question 29

Calcium sulfate

Answer 29

Insoluble

Question 30

2 insoluble sulfates

Answer 30

Barium | Calcium

Question 31

Carbonates

Answer 31

Insoluble

Question 32

Sodium carbonate

Answer 32

Soluble

Question 33

Potassium carbonate

Answer 33

Soluble

Question 34

Ammonium carbonate

Answer 34

Soluble

Question 35

3 soluble carbonates

Answer 35

Sodium Potassium Ammonium