Physical activity, exercise, sedentary behaviour and determinants

Question 1

difference between physical activity and exercise

Answer 1

• PA is any activity of daily life
• exercise is planned and structured with the aim to improve or maintain fitness

Question 2

benefits and drawbacks of ways to measure PA and exercise
- objective
- subjective

Answer 2

• O
  
  • gives an intensity, but doesn’t say what type of activity
• S
  
  • can say what activities, but relies on recall which ca be biased or just wrong

Question 3

examples of subjective PA assessments

Answer 3

• Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)
  
  • International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
    
    • General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ)

Question 4

examples of objective PA assessment

Answer 4

• active pal
• fit bit
• heart rate monitors

Question 5

examples of health related fitness and skill related fitness

Answer 5

• Cardiorespiratory endurance
  
  • Muscular endurance
  • Muscular strength
  • Body composition
  • Flexibility
  • Agility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
  • Speed
  • Power
  • Reaction time

Question 6

sedentary behaviour
- what is it
- why is it a big problem

Answer 6

• too much time being spent sitting or lying down
• linked to all cause mortality, CVD, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, depression, low fitness, obesity, dementia, stroke, frailty, falls etc.

Question 7

research into affect of prologed sitting
- what was found
- what should be done to improve CV and metabolic health

Answer 7

• Sitting for more than 2h may have negative effects on blood pressure, fatigue and mood/friendliness.
• break up long periods of sitting with pa

Question 8

some health benefits of PA

Answer 8

• Increased walking speed, ADL, weight loss, better mood, psychological health and well being, lower bp etc

Question 9

how much PA is needed
- UK PA guidelines
- how much for health benefits to be attained

Answer 9

• At least 150 mins mod intensity per week or at least 75 mins of vigorous intensity
• Build strength at least 2 days a week, eg. Yoga, gym, carry heavy bags
• Minimise sedentary time
• Improve balance 2 days a week eg. Dance, bowls, tai chi (could be beneficial for treating fatigue), pilates
• most benefits attained between 150-300 minutes of mod intensity PA per week

Question 10

which group of children are least likely to be physically active

Answer 10

black girls

Question 11

which group of adults are least likely to be physically active

Answer 11

• older, female, disabled, asian

Question 12

the world health organisations physical activity global action plan
- what is it
- its 4 objectives

Answer 12

• reduce physical activity to create more active and healthier people
• active societies and norms, facilitative environments, people, systems

Question 13

impact of covid on…
- team sports and sports requiring facilities
- individual sports
- boys and girls

Answer 13

• reduced
• increased
• boys more active

Question 14

what did public health england do during covid

Answer 14

• gave support to encourage pa and healthy eating in all communities as it worsened

Question 15

where do i need to look if i need the determinants of pa in children, adolescents and adults
- what to do when you know determinants

Answer 15

one note
- use to develop interventions targeted to specific groups

Question 16

examples of barriers to pa

Answer 16

time
energy
motivation
cost
illness/injury
fear of injury
skill
facilities
time

Question 17

difference barriers between men and women
- lack of skill
- lack of energy
- lack of motivation

Answer 17

all 3 women have a higher percentage

Question 18

difference in perceptions of the barriers between inactive and active humans
- lack of motivation
- lack of energy
- long term illness or injury

Answer 18

• inactive have lower motivation and energy
• more inactive people have long term illnesses and injuries (reason for this?)

Question 19

difference between motivation and barriers for those exercising and in pre-contemplation

Answer 19

• those exercising had the higher intrinsic motivation and external barriers less of an issue
• those in pre were more externally influenced and motivated
• need to foster autonomous motivation

Question 20

impact of self efficacy on sticking at exercise

Answer 20

the reason 57% of women stuck at exercise
- need to foster self efficacy

Question 21

6 stratgeies/approaches to encourage pa and exercise behaviour change

Answer 21

1. Behavioural modification - set goals, dates, and expectations, and give prompts for exercise, eg. bannisters on stairs
2. Cognitive-behavioural - set their own goals
3. Decision making - make a cost vs benefit (of pa) chart and reasons for should encourage change
4. Social Support - encourage family and friends to provide support and assistance
5. Reinforcement - give effective feedback and rewards
6. Intrinsic - inspire autonomous motivation through, fun, passion, and progress through the exercise

Question 22

the 5 stages of behaviour change

Answer 22

pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance