arousal and anxiety Flashcards
Chamberlain, S. T. & Hale, B. D. (2007) article-
- impact of different types of anxiety intensity, direction and self confidence
- Cognitive anxiety intensity, negative linear relationship with performance
- somatic anxiety intensity, curvilinear relationship with performance
- self-confidence intensity, positive linear relation.
- Cognitive directional anxiety illustrated a positive linear relationship with putting performance.
- direction (42% of variance) was a better predictor of performance than intensity (22%)
what is arousal
A state of activation that varies on a continuum from deep sleep to intense excitement
what is anxiety
Negative emotional state with feelings of nervousness & worry associated with the performance of a task
what is trait anxiety
- general reelings of anxiety across all situations
- A-trait
what is state anxiety
- situation-specific apprehension/anxiety
- A-state
what is associated with high trait anxiety
high state anxiety
cognitive anxiety
- what is it
- examples
- The mental component of anxiety -
– Worry
– Negative thoughts
– Feelings of nervousness or apprehension
somatic anxiety
- what is it
- examples
- what is it dependent on
- what drugs can be taken to reduce it
- Perception of physical state
– Increased respiration
– Increased sweating
– Increased heart rate
– Physical nervousness (e.g., shaking, tense muscles) - perception as physiological changes arent always present or as intense as perceived
- Beta blockers that reduce physiological effects
difference between anxiety intensity and direction
- how elite and amateur players differ in anxiety
- intensity is how much anxiety one feels
- direction is ones interpretation of anxiety as being facilitative or debilitating to performance
- anxiety intensity similar but self confidence and direction of elite likely to be facilitative
what is stress
- what causes it
- the Perceived demands of the situation and internal thoughts of ability to meet the demands
- similar to anxiety
- if performer thinks demand is higher than their ability so causes anxiety and stress
what is the 4 step stress cycle
1 - environmental demands
2- perception of demands
3- cognitive and somatic stress reaction
4- the performance produced
drive theory
- what is it
- impact on different level performers
- higher arousal, higher likelihood of dominant response
- higher skill level, higher likely correct dominant response, so high arousal would lead to dominant response
inverted u theory
- what is it
- what can cause optimal arousal to vary
- Increased arousal improves performance up to a point, then further increases impair performance
- vary from personality, skill level, task, sport
individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOP)
- Each athlete has a zone/bandwidth of optimal anxiety in which they perform best - depend on skill, personality, level of performance
multidimensional anxiety theory
- what does it distinguish the difference between and what is the difference
- cognitive and somatic anxiety
- higher cognitive, lower performance
- somatic is an inverted U
catastrophe theory
- explain the graph
- performance increases with cognitive anxiety, until a point where cognitive anxiety and arousal are high and a rapid dramatic decline in performance occurs
- athletes must regain control of arousal to recover performance to sub optimal
- if not performance continues to fall
control model of anxiety-
- what is it
- why is it different to other theories
- stress occurs, the perception of our ability to control the environment and ourselves determines the anxiety response
- if think you can control and succeed, anxiety interpreted as facilitative
- if don’t think you can control and succeed, anxiety interpreted as debilitative
- considers anxiety direction which has been shown to be a better predictor of performance than intensity
limitations of drive theory
- Too simplistic - cant explain…
- why elite athletes sometimes choke under pressure
- why novice athletes sometimes excel when under pressure or anxious conditions.
limitations of inverted u
- Unlikely that performance decreases in a smooth declining arc as over-arousal more likely to lead to a vertical plummet, eg. lyth and speith
limitations of individual zones of optimal functioning
- a real eg. proving this limitation
- doesnt explain the differences between athletes
- doesn’t explain why the same athlete may have variations in performance at the same emotional intensity, eg. a pen in the same situation but a different outcome (Ronaldo)
limitations of multidimensional anxiety theory
- assumes cognitive anxiety is always bad
- assumes a smooth decline in performance, eg. lyth and speith
limitations of catastrophe theory
- very difficult to test and research because its almost impossible to recreate the environment and feeling in research
limitations of control model of anxiety
- Doesn’t explain the anxiety-performance relationship
limitation of all theories
All theories do not detail how anxiety and arousal impact/exert their effects on performance
