Physical - 1.12 Acids & Bases Flashcards
What is a bronsted lowry acid?
A proton donor
What is a bronsted lowry base?
A proton acceptor
What is strong acid?
A covalent molecule that dissolves in water and dissociates completely.
What is a weak acid?
Covalent molecule which dissolves in water and dissociates slightly.
What are some comom examples of strong acids?
HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
What is a base?
Any substance that that reacts with an acid and accepts a proton from the acid.
What is a weak base?
Often covalent substances that dissolve in water and dissociate slightly.
What is a strong base?
Usually ionic compounds which dissolve in water and dissociate fully.
What does an acid-base equilibria involve?
Involves the transfer of protons.
What is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solution?
A logarithmic pH scale.
Equation to find pH, when [H+] is given…
pH = -log[H+]
What is Kw?
Kw is the ionic product of water
Equation for Kw…
Kw = [H+][OH-]
What is Ka?
Ka is the dissociation constant for a weak acid.
What do acidic buffer solutions contain?
A weak acid and the salt of that weak acid.
What do basic buffer solutions contain?
Contain a weak base and the salt of that weak base.
Equation for [H+] when pH is given…
[H+] = 10^-pH
Equation for Kw in water…
Kw = [H+]^2
Equation for Ka in all solution containing a weak acid…
Ka = [H+][A-] / [HA]
Equation for Ka when a weak acid is in water only…
Ka = [H+]^2 / [HA]
Equation for pKa when Ka is given…
pKa = -logKa
Equation for Ka when pKa is given…
Ka = 10^-pKa
Equation for pH is a half neutalisation reaction…
pH = pKa
Equation for [H+] in a buffer solution…
[H+] = Ka[HA] / [A-]
